vascular system arteries

1. The _ of the head and neck, as is the case in the rest of the body, consists of an arterial blood supply, a capillary network, and venous drainage

vascular system

2. A large network of blood vessels within the system is called _______.

vascular plexus

3. Blood vessels also may communicate with each other within the system by an ________, a connecting channel(s) among the vessels

anastomosis

_______ carry oxygen poor blood to the heart.

Veins

________ cary oxygen rich blood away from the heart.

Arteries

________  are tiny, thin vessels that connect arteries and veins; where gas and nutrient exchange happens.

Capillaries

_______ are the small blood vessels that carry blood from the arteries to the capillaries and help control blood pressure by regulating blood flow through contraction and relaxation of their smooth muscle walls.

Arterioles

_________ may not only spread cancer but can also spread dental or (odontogenic) infection.

blood vessels

In the vascular system, __________ are blood vessels that carry blood to the heart, forming a pathway from venous capillaries → venules → veins, which are larger, more variable, and more numerous, containing __________ to prevent backflow and often accompanying larger arteries.

veins, valves

4. The major arteries that supply the head and neck include the ________ and __________.

common carotid, subclavian arteries

The dental professional must be able to locate the larger blood vessels of the head and neck because these vessels may become compromised due to a ___________ or during a dental procedure such as when administering a local anesthetic injection.

pathologic process

5. For the left side of the body, the common carotid and subclavian arteries begin directly from the ________.

aorta

6. For the right side of the body, the common carotid and subclavian arteries are both branches from the _______ artery.

brachiocephalic

7. The _______ is a direct branch of the aorta.

brachiocephalic

8. The ________ is branchless and travels superiorly along the neck in a lateral position to both the trachea and larynx on its way to the superior border of the thyroid cartilage.

common carotid artery

9. The _____________ is a division that travels superiorly in a slightly lateral position in relationship to the external carotid artery after leaving the common carotid artery.

internal carotid artery

10. The __________ artery is covered by the large SCM muscle on each side of the neck in a carotid sheath including the internal jugular vein, vagus nerve, and common carotid.

internal carotid 

________ is swelling before a bifurcation. Like before the division of the common carotid into external and internal.

carotid sinus

_________ is the pulse used in emergency situations.

carotid pulse

The subclavian artery is lateral to the common carotid and supplies intracranial and extracranial structures as well as branches to ________ such as arms, parts of neck, and thorax. 

upper extremties

11. The internal carotid artery supplies intracranial structures and is the source of the _________ , which supplies the eye, orbit, lacrimal gland, and much of the forehead.

ophthalmic artery

12. As with the internal carotid artery, the _______ begins at the superior border of the thyroid cartilage, at the termination of the common carotid artery and the carotid sheath.

external carotid artery

13. The ________ supplies the extra cranial tissue of the head and neck, including the oral cavity.

external carotid artery

14. The ___ is an anterior branch from the external carotid artery. It supplies structures ______ to the hyoid such as infrahyoid muscles, SCM, muscles of larynx, and thyroid gland.

superior thyroid artery, inferior

15. The_________ is a branch off the thyrocervical trunk of the subclavian artery but anastomoses with the superior thyroid artery to also supply the thyroid gland as well as other nearby structures such as the thymus gland.

inferior thyroid artery

16. The __________ is an anterior branch from the external carotid artery and begins superior to the superior thyroid artery at the level of the hyoid bone. Does not accompany the corresponding _____ nerve travels anteriorly to apex of tongue by its inferior surface.

lingual artery

17. The tongue's supply is by branches of the lingual artery including several small __________ to the posterior dorsal surface as well as the ________, the terminal part of the lingual artery, coursing from the ventral surface of the apex. Are branches of the _______ artery.

dorsal lingual arteries, deep lingual artery, lingual

18. The _________ supplies the mylohyoid muscle, sublingual salivary gland, and oral mucosa of the floor of the mouth as well as the lingual periodontium and gingiva of the mandibular teeth in most cases. Is a branch of the _____ artery.

sublingual artery, lingual

19. The small ________ supplies the suprahyoid muscles and is a branch of the ______ artery.

suprahyoid branch, lingual

20. The _________ begins slightly superior to the lingual artery as it branches off anteriorly. It supplies the oral, zygomatic, infraorbital, nasal orbital region. It runs a complicated pathway and this artery runs parallel but not adjacent to vein.

facial artery

The facial artery has two groups of branches the ______ and ______.

cervical, facial

21. The __________ is the first branch from the facial artery but since it is located near the neck region it is considered a cervical branch of the artery.

ascending palatine artery

The __________ supplies the soft palate, palatine tonsils, and palatine muscles. It can be a serious source of blood loss during a tonsillectomy.

ascending palatine artery

22. Considered cervical branches off the facial artery is the ________ that supplies the submandibular lymph nodes as well as the mylohyoid and digastric muscles, submandibular salivary glands and also nearby muscles.

submental artery

The ________ can occasionally supplies the lingual periodontium and gingiva of the mandibular teeth, either alone or with the sublingual artery depending on a person’s anatomy.

submental artery

23. The ________ from the facial branch of the facial artery supplies the lower lip area including the area's muscles of facial expression such as the depressor anguli oris muscle.

inferior labial artery

24. The ________ is a facial branch from the facial artery that supplies the upper lip area and similarly the area's muscles of facial expression.

superior labial artery

25. The ________ is the terminal branch of the facial artery and supplies the lateral side of the naris of the nose.

angular artery

26. There is only one medial branch from the external carotid artery, the small _________ that begins close to the origin of the external carotid artery and thus cannot be viewed in most lateral views of the head and neck.

ascending pharyngeal artery

The ___________ supplies the pharygeal walls, soft palate, and meninges.

ascending pharyngeal artery

27. The ascending pharyngeal artery has many small branches that include the _______ and _________.

pharyngeal branch, meningeal branch

28. There are two posterior branches of the external carotid artery, the _______ and the ________.

occipital artery, posterior auricular artery

29. The ________, a posterior branch of the external carotid artery, begins from the external carotid artery as it passes superiorly just deep to the ascend- ing mandibular ramus and then travels to the posterior part of the scalp.

occipital artery

30. The occipital artery supplies the SCM muscle by the way of the _______ to supply the occipital region and other muscles such as the suprahyoid muscles by way of its muscular branches.

sternocleoidmastoid branch

The __________ supplies the SCM, suprahyoids, auricular regions, meinges, and treapezius.

occipital artery

The branches from the ___________ undergo anastomoses between external carotid and subclavian.

occipital artery

31. The small ________ is also a posterior branch of the external carotid artery. It begins superior to the occipital artery and stylohyoid muscle.

posterior auricular artery

The ________________ SUPPLIES THE INTERNAL EAR AND MASTOID PROCESS BY THE AURICULAR BRANCH AND STYLOMASTOID ARTERY, it aries at the tip of the styloid process at the level of the temporal bone.

Posterior Auricular Artery

32. The posterior auricular artery supplies the internal ear by its auricular branch and the mastoid process by the _______.

stylomastoid artery

33. The two terminal branches of the external carotid artery include the _______ and ________.

superficial temporal, maxillary artery

The __________ is the smaller terminal branch of the external carotid artery. It supplies the parotid salivary duct, facial area, temporalis muscle, and scalp area. It includes four branches such as Transverse facial, Middle temporal, Frontal and, Parietal.

superficial temporal artery

The ___________ is sometimes visible on the side of the patient head during extraoral exam and can be palpated.

superfiical temporal artery

The ________ branch of the superficial temporal artery supplies the forehead and the frontal region of the scalp.

frontal

The _______ branch of the superficial temporal artery supplies the lateral and superior portions of the scalp.

parietal

35. The small _________ supplies the parotid salivary gland duct and nearby facial nerves.

transverse facial artery

36. The _________ small supplies the temporalis muscle.

middle temporal artery

37. The __________ is the largest terminal branch of the external carotid artery.

maxillary artery

38. The __________ begins inferior to the temporomandibular (TMJ) and turns anteromedially to the neck of the mandibular condyle to travel deep to the structures of the face

maxillary artery

The 3 parts of the maxillary artery are?

mandibular, pterygoid, and pterygopalatine

The _________ of the maxillary artery consists of these branches; deep auricular, anterior tympanic, middle meningeal, accessory meningeal, and inferior alveolar.

mandibular

The _________ of the maxillary artery consists of these branches; deep temporal, pterygoid, masseteric, and bucaal.

pterygoid part

The ____________ of the maxillary artery consists of these branches; posterior superior alveolar, infraorbtial, descending palatine, and sphenopalatine.

pterygopalatine part

39. Maxillary artery: First part. Beginning from the first part if the maxillary artery are the _____________, which passes by the TMJ to enter the external acoustic meatus and the _________________, which passes into the tympanic cavity.

deep auricular artery, anterior tympanic artery

40. The ________ supplies the dura matter of the brain and cranial bones by way of the formen spinosum, which is located on the inferior surface of the skull.

middle meningeal artery

41. The ________ helps to supply the dura mater and cranial bones as well as structures in the infratemporal fossa.

accessory middle meningeal artery

42. The ________ also begins at the first part of the maxillary artery within the infra temporal fossa and traveling down the mandible.

inferior alveolar artery

These branches: dental/alveolar, mylohyoid artery, mental artery, and incsive artery belong to the ________.

inferior alveolar artery

43. The _________ begins at the inferior alveolar artery before the main artery enters the mandibular canal by way of the mandibular foramen. It supplies the fllor of the mouth and the ________.

mylohyoid artery, mylohyoid

44. The ________ begins at the inferior alveolar artery and exits the mandibu- lar canal by way of the mental foramen along with the mental nerve. It supplies the ______ region.

mental artery, mental

45. The _______ branches off the inferior alveolar artery and remains within the mandibular canal along with the incisive nerve where it divides into dental and alveolar branches. It supplies the ______ teeth and are has its own dental and alveolar branches.

incisive artery

The ___________ of the inferior alveolar artery supply the mandibular posterior teeth, buccal periodontium and gingiva.

dental and alveolar branches

46. The _______ supply both the anterior and posterior parts of the temporalis muscle by two separate smaller branches as well as the surrounding temporal region.

deep temporal artery

Both the mental and incisive blocks have a high rate of ___________ with administration due to the nearness of both the mental artery and incisive artery to the mental and incisive nerves in the area of the mental foramen, respectively, which is the target area for both blocks.

positive aspiration

47. The ______ supply the lateral and medial pterygoid muscles.

pterygoid arteries

48. The _______ supplies the masseter muscle.

masseteric artery

49. The _______ passes to the buccal mucosa to supply the buccinator muscle and the buccal regions.

buccal artery

50. Just after the maxillary artery leaves the infratemporal fossa and enters the pterygopalatine fossa, it branches off as the third part to the _______.

posterior superior alveolar artery

The __________ supplies the maxillary posterior teeth, buccal periodontium/gingva, maxillary sinus. Turns into dental/alveolar branches of _________ teeth of maxilla.

posterior superior alveolar, posterior

51. Inferior and deep to the eye, the _______ also branches from the third part of the maxillary artery in the pterygopalatine fossa but may share a common trunk with the posterior superior alveolar artery.

infraorbital artery

52. Thus the _______ branches off the infraorbital artery and then gives off dental and alveolar branches for the ______ teeth of the maxilla.

anterior superior alveolar branches, anterior

53. A ________ may also be present and supplies the buccal periodontium and gingiva of the maxillary premolars. But again depends on the anatomy of the individual.

middle superior alveolar artery

54. In the pterygopalatine fossa, the third part of the maxillary artery branches off the _________, which travels to the palate through the pterygopalatine canal and then terminates in both the ________ .

descending palatine artery, greater palatine artery/lesser palatine artery

The __________ is branch off of the descending palatine artery that supplies the posterior hard palate, palatal periodontium, gingiva of maxillary of posterior teeth. This artery exits through the foramen along with the nerve.

greater palatine artery

The _________ is a branch off of the descending palatine artery and supplies the soft palate. This artery exits through the foramen along with the nerve.

lesser palatine artery

55. The maxillary artery end at its third part by becoming the, ___________ its main terminal branch which supplies the nasal cavity within the nasal region.

sphenopalatine artery

The

56. The sphenopalatine artery gives off the posterior lateral nasal branches and septal branches as well as a __________ that accompanies the nasopalatine nerve through the incisive foramen on the maxillae to supply the anterior hard palate with the palatal periodontium and gingiva of the maxillary anterior teeth.

nasopalatine branch