Solutions

Alloy

 a homogeneous mixture/solution containing at least one metal. Ex. brass, steel, bronze

Aqueous (aq)

a homogeneous mixture/solution in which a solute is dissolved in water

Boiling Point Elevation

the boiling point of a solution is higher than the boiling point of the pure solvent (colligative property)

Colloid

a heterogeneous mixture composed of tiny particles suspended in another material. The particles are larger than the particles in a solution but smaller than particles in a suspension. Ex: milk, blood

Concentrated

having a relatively large amount of substance present in a unit amount of mixture. Ex. A 12 M HCl solution is more concentration than a 0.001 M HCl solution

Concentration

a measure of the amount of solute present in a unit amount of mixture (Ex. ppm = parts per million, molarity = moles solute/liter solution); the process of increasing the amount of substance in a given amount of mixture

Dilute

having a relatively low concentration of solute in a mixture

Freezing Point Depression

the freezing point/melting point of a solution is lower than the freezing point/melting point of the pure solvent (colligative property)

Heterogeneous

 a sample of matter consisting of more than one pure substance and more than one phase

Homogeneous

a sample of matter consisting of more than one pure substance with properties that do not vary within the sample

Insoluble

refers to a substance that does not dissolve in a solvent to any significant degree

Miscible

two liquids are considered “miscible” or mixable if shaking them together results in a single liquid phase with no visible separation

Mixture

two or more pure substances physically combined; a combination of two or more pure substances that can b separated by physical means

Parts Per Million

• a measure of concentration; ppm = parts of a solute/million parts of solution

• Percent Composition (by mass or volume) - % comp = (part/whole) x 100

Precipitate

an insoluble substance that has been formed from a chemical reaction between substances dissolved in a solution

Saturated

a solution that has reached equilibrium; a solution which can not dissolve any more solute

Solubility

a measure of the concentration of a substance in a saturated solution; a measure of how much a substance can dissolve in a given amount of solvent

Soluble

capable of being dissolved in a solvent

Solution

a homogeneous mixture

Solute

a substance dissolved in a solvent to make a solution

Solvent

the most abundant component in a solution

Supersaturated

a solution in which the concentration of solute is higher than the solubility; more solute is dissolved than should be under a given set of conditions

Suspension

a heterogeneous mixture in which relatively large particles are suspended in a liquid

Tyndall Effect

 light passing through a colloid is scattered by suspended particles (the light beam becomes clearly visible)

Unsaturated

a solution with a concentration lower than its equilibrium solubility; a solution in which more solute can be dissolved