Biology Meiosis

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12 Terms

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Chromosomes
Strands of DNA and protein inside the cell nucleus that carry genes.
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Diploid
A cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes, represented by the symbol 2n.
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Haploid
A cell that contains a single set of chromosomes, represented by the symbol n.
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Meiosis
A process that reduces the number of chromosomes per cell by separating homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.
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Homologous Chromosomes
Paired chromosomes from each parent that are the same length and carry genes for the same traits.
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Crossing-over
The process during meiosis where homologous chromosomes exchange sections of chromatids, producing new allele combinations.
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Gametes
Haploid reproductive cells (sperm and egg) involved in sexual reproduction.
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Interphase I
The stage before meiosis I where the cell undergoes chromosome replication.
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Tetrad
A structure formed during meiosis when homologous chromosomes pair up, containing four chromatids.
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Fertilization
The fusion of male and female gametes, creating a zygote.
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Mitosis vs Meiosis
Mitosis produces two identical diploid cells, while meiosis produces four genetically diverse haploid cells.
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Zygote
A fertilized egg formed from the fusion of male and female gametes.