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Observational Study

A study where researchers observe individuals and measure variables without assigning treatments.

Randomized Experiment

A study where researchers impose treatments on subjects and randomly assign them to groups.

Control Group

A group in an experiment that does not receive the active treatment, used for comparison.

Placebo Group

A group that receives an inactive treatment to account for the placebo effect.

Blinding

A technique where participants do not know whether they are receiving the treatment or a placebo.

Double Blinding

A study where neither participants nor researchers know who receives the treatment.

Double Dummy

A method where participants receive both variants of treatment (one active, one placebo) at different times to mask which is the real treatment.

Completely Randomized Design

An experiment where participants are randomly assigned to treatment groups without pre-grouping.

Block Design

An experiment where subjects are divided into similar groups before random treatment assignment.

Matched Pair Design

A block design where each pair of participants receives different treatments to control for variability.