Phy Sci chap 19

combustion reaction

a substance reacts with oxygen to produce energy in the form of heat and light.

synthesis reaction

two or more substances combine to form another substance.

decomposition reaction

one substance breaks down, or decomposes, into two or more substances.

single-displacement reaction

The chemical reaction in which one element replaces another element in a compound

double-displacement reaction

The positive ion of one compound replaces the positive ion of the other to form two new com- pounds

oxidation

the loss of electrons

reduction

the gain of electrons

exergonic reactions

Chemical reactions that release energy

exothermic reaction

When the energy given off is primarily in the form of thermal energy

endergonic reactions

Type of chemical reaction that requires energy input to proceed, resulting in products with higher energy than the reactants.

endothermic reaction

When the energy needed to keep a reaction going is in the form of thermal energy

The collision model

states that atoms, ions, and molecules must collide in order to react.

reversible reaction

one that can occur in both the forward and reverse directions.

Equilibrium

a state in which forward and reverse reactions or processes proceed at equal rates.

Le Châtelier’s principle

states that if a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the equilibrium shifts in the direction that opposes the stress.

catalyst

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.

inhibitor

A substance that slows down or stops the activity of an reaction