Chemistry 1 Honors - Quiz 1.2 Scientific Measurement and Analyzing Data

What is water density?

1 g/mL

What is accuracy?

The degree to which an experiment value agrees with a known standard.

What is precision? (What is more precise? as well).

The degree to which a set of measured values agree with each other. (Instruments with smaller increments marked out are more precise. Precision doesn’t have to be accurate; it’s getting the same result again and again, even if it’s inaccurate.

How do you measure mass (via what + in what)?

Via a balance and in grams (g).

How do you measure length (via what + in what)?

Via a ruler and in meters (m), but usually in centimeters (cm).

How do you measure volume (via what + in what)?

Via a graduated cylinder, beaker, or burette, or LWH, and always in m^3 or cm^3 or mL or L (rarely).

How do you measure temperature (via what + in what)?

Via a thermometer, and always in degrees Celsius (°C) or Kelvin (K).

What is matter?

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

What is mass?

The amount of matter in an object.

What is volume?

The amount of 3-D space an object or substance takes up.

What is temperature?

A measure of the average kinetic energy (speed) of the particles in a substance.

What is length?

The measurement of distance from one end of an object to the other, or between two points.

What is a significant digit a.k.a sig fig (also what they include)?

The digits in a measured number that carry actual meaning about how precise the measurement is. They include all the digits you are certain of, plus one estimated digit at the end.

What is density (and its equation)?

The amount of mass contained in a given volume (how tightly packed the matter in an object is). The equation is density = mass / volume.

What is a meter?

The standard base unit of length in the International System of Units (SI).

What is a liter?

The metric unit used to measure volume, or the amount of space a liquid or gas occupies.

What is a gram?

A metric unit used to measure mass.

What is a degree Celsius?

A metric unit used to measure temperature based on the freezing and boiling points of pure water.

Calories and joules are both what?

Energy

The amount of sig figs in the output of any dimensional analysis problem should be the same number as the _________.

number asked to be converted

Scientific notation coefficients are always between ___ and ___?

1; 10.

What is Mega (meaning, scientific notation, and example)?

• 1,000,000

• 1 × 10⁶

• MW - megawatt

What is Kilo (meaning, scientific notation, and example)?

• 1,000

• 1 × 10³

• kg - kilogram

What is “base unit” (meaning, scientific notation, and example)?

• 1

• 1 × 10¹

• m - meter

What is Deci (meaning, scientific notation, and example)?

• 0.1

• 1 × 10^-1

• dL - deciliter

What is Centi (meaning, scientific notation, and example)?

• 0.01

• 1 × 10^-2

• cm - centimeter

What is Milli (meaning, scientific notation, and example)?

• 0.001

• 1 × 10^-3

• mg - milligram

What is Micro (meaning, scientific notation, and example)?

• 0.0000001

• 1 × 10^-6

• (mu symbol)L - microliter

What is the Significant Figures Pacific/Atlantic Rule?

• Decimal point PRESENT? Start from the PACIFIC!

  • Begin counting on the left-hand (Pacific) side of the number. Move toward the right and start with the first non-zero digit.

• Decimal point ABSENT? Start from the ATLANTIC!

  • Begin counting on the right-hand (Atlantic) side of the number. Move toward the left and start with the first non-zero digit.

Multiplication/Division sig fig rule.

The result/output should have the same number of sig figs as the one in the operation that has the least amount of sig figs. (EX: 2.645 - 3.46 →result/output should have 3 sig figs as 3.46 has 3 sig figs, which is less than 2.645’s 4 sig figs).

Addition/Subtraction sig fig rule.

The result/output should have the same number of sig figs after the decimal point as the one in the operation that has the least amount of sig figs after the decimal point. (EX: 7.1 - 4.54 →result/output should have 1 sig fig after the decimal point as 7.1 has 1 sig fig1 after the decimal point, which is less than 4.54’s 2 sig figs after the decimal point).