attacks the immune system disabling its defenses, can be transmitted by using an infected needle, Estimated 35 million carries it and is rising
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What does ADIS stand for?
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
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AIDS facts
No vaccine 50% develop AIDS within 10 years of HIV+ and die 2 years after symptoms
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who should cover open wounds
Athletes/Patients/Healthcare worker To protect yourself from others
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What happens when bleeding on the field happens
Remove from play Control bleeding Change uniform Clean and cover wound
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What does PPE stand for?
Personal Protection Equipment
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Who mandates universal precautions?
OSHA
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What does OSHA stand for?
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
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What is it that OSHA does
Outlines the rules and regulations regarding the handling of blood and blood-borne pathogens
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How should we treat all wounds
Treat them as if they are contagious
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What is tetanus?
Bacteria that causes lockjaw, fever, and convulsions
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What does NOCSAE stand for?
National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment
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Which sports team have NOCSAE certified Helmets
Football Softball Baseball Men's Lax
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Fitting Helmets requirements
Check air bladders when traveling different altitudes Chin strap fitted to keep from moving front/back Jaw pads fitted to not have helmet rocking laterally Can use credit card test: cover base of skull, ear holes line up
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What does eye protection protect you from
projectiles and implements
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eye protection acceptable material
Polycarbonate- unbreakable Case hardened glass- crumbles and doesn't splinter
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Classified as trunk and thorax protection
Cantilevered pads- blocking and tackling non-cantilevered(flat pads)- quarterback and receivers
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musculotendinous Injuries
Tendon Strain
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Tendon
Connects muscle to bone
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strain
muscle or tendon injury
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what happens when the tendon is strained
It is stretched or tore
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3 grades of a strain
Grade 1-mild pain-stretching of tissue and possible tearing Grade 2-medium pain-partial tearing of muscle or tendon Grade 3-extreme pain then none- complete rupture of the muscle or tendon
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what happens when you go back to quickly with a sprain
it will make the injury worse
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Parts of Bone: Diaphysis
main shaft
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signs and symptoms of the bone
deformity, point tenderness
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greenstick
happens in children
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synovial joints injuries
Ligament Sprain Subluxation Dislocation
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Ligament
Connects bone to bone
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sprain
injury to a ligament
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3 grades of a sprain
Grade 1 ( mild) - stretching and possible tearing Grade 2 ( moderate) - tearing and separation of ligament fibers *possible partial tear* Grade 3 ( severe) - complete rupture *surgery*
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subluxation
bone comes out of joint but goes back in spontaneously
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Dislocation
bone is forced completely out of its joint ( and stays out) *once a dislocation, always a dislocation*
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signs and symptoms of dislocation
deformity loss of joint motion possible fracture
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Assistive devices
Crutches and Cane
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How to fit crutches
-outside tip 6in to the side and 2in in front of shoe -pad 1in below armpit -hand brace adjusted so elbow at 30 degrees
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How to fit cane
to greater trochanter
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what does HBV and HCV stand for
Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C
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Hepatitis B facts
-high probability of spreading -vaccine available 3 shots over 6 months
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Hepatitis C facts
-Causes Liver disease -no vaccine
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Parts of Bone: Epiphysis
end of a bone
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Parts of Bone: Epiphyseal Plate
growth plates
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Parts of bone: Articular cartilage
covers bone ends at joints
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Parts of the bone: Periosteum
covers bone except at joints
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Parts of bone: articulation
Where two or more bones meet=joint
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Emergency Action Plan Concern
-#1 concern is cardiovascular function and central nervous system function -Always assume unconsciousness= a life threatening injury
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3 C's
Check- scene for safety and victim for responsiveness Call- if you are alone and someone call if not alone Care- primary survey and secondary survey
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When to call 911
call immediately if adult is unresponsive, child collapse, child with heart condition After 2 min of care call if child collapse that you did not see
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Information to give 911
-Address -Floor number -condition of patient -weight
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Describe ABC's
A=airway-head tilt/chin lift or jaw thrust maneuver B=breathing-check for breathing, look, listen, feel C=circulation-check for a pulse, carotid adult or brachial infant
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what to do when not breathing but has pulse
rescue breathing, not breathing and no pulse results in CPR
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How long to check for breathing
no more than 10 seconds
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Primary Survey
Life threatening situations
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Secondary Survey
Look for other injuries
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In depth assessment HOPS
History Observation Palpation Special tests
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Gait patterns
Swing/tripod One crutch/cane Three point Four point Upstairs Downstairs
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Swing/tripod
non weight bearing , swing leg through
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One crutch/cane
hold in opposite hand from the injured side, cane and bad foot go forward together
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three point
partial weight bearing or full weight bearing, bad foot and crutches go forward together
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four point
full weight bearing, opposite crutch and foot move together
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upstairs
good foot goes up first, then crutches and bad foot
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downstairs
bad foot and crutches go down first, then good foot
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healing process: inflammatory response phase
-begins immediately -signs and symptoms lasts 2-4 days
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healing process: Fibroblastic repair phase
-scar formation and repair of injured tissue -lasts 4-6 weeks -signs and symptoms subside
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healing process: Maturation remodeling phase
-realignment and remodeling of scar tissue -signs and symptoms may take years
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Shock causes
vascular system loses capacity to hold fluid portion of blood inside vessels
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