Global Demography

demography

The term _____ was derived from the Greek words demos for “population” and graphia for “description” or “writing,” thus the phrase, “writings about population.”

population

The term demography was derived from the Greek words demos for “_____” and graphia for “description” or “writing,” thus the phrase, “writings about population.”

description” or “writing,”

The term demography was derived from the Greek words demos for “population” and graphia for “_______ thus the phrase, “writings about population.”

Demography

It was coined by Achille Guillard, a Belgian statistician, in 1855. However, the origins of modern demography can be traced back to the John Graunt’s analysis of ‘Bills of Mortality’ which was published in 1662.

demography

By its meaning, as cited by Tulchinsky, _____ refers to the study of populations, with reference to size and density, fertility, mortality, growth, age distribution, migration, and vital statistics and the interaction of all these with social and economic conditions”.

Tulchinsky

By its meaning, as cited by _____, demography refers to the study of populations, with reference to size and density, fertility, mortality, growth, age distribution, migration, and vital statistics and the interaction of all these with social and economic conditions”.

demography

As such, _____ is based on vital statistics reporting and special surveys of population size and density; it measures trends over time.

baby boom

Specifically, the _____ in the developing world was caused by the decline of infant and child mortality rates.

Europe

Demographic transition started in mid- or late 1700’s in _____

mid- or late 1700’s

During that time, death rates and fertility began to decline

20th century

It was only in the_____ that mortality decline in Africa and Asia, with the exemption of Japan. In India, life expectancy in India was only 24 years in the early 20th century while the same life expectancy occurred in China in 1929 until 1931.

12

By 1820, the life expectancy at birth of Japan and the West was __ years greater than that of other countries.

1999

In ____, the gap declined to 14 years.

19th century

During the _____, Europe and the West had an increased in share in the world’s population, from 22.0 percent to 33.0 percent, while Asia and Oceania’s contribution dropped from 69.0 percent to 56.7.

India and China

________ suffered from economic stagnation and decline during that time

1820 and 1980

Population growth shows a more remarkable shift: “Between _____, 69.3 percent of the world’s population growth occurred in Europe and Western offshoots. Between 1950 and 2000, however, only 11.7 percent occurred in the region.”

11.7

Population growth shows a more remarkable shift: “Between 1820 and 1980, 69.3 percent of the world’s population growth occurred in Europe and Western offshoots. Between 1950 and 2000, however, only ___ percent occurred in the region.”

2150

The United States projected that population growth will be shifted toward Africa. It is estimated that by ____, the region’s share to the world population will be almost 20 percent, relatively much greater than its share in 1820 (seven percent) and in 1900 (six percent).

2150

Also, in ____, there will be a projected increase of two billion if we combine the population of Asia, Latin America, and Oceania.

1950

In terms of age structure, the overall trend in Japan and the West was downward until ____.

stage one

In _______, pre-industrial society, death rates and birth rates are high and roughly in balance.

Stage 1

An example of this stage is the United States in the 1800s. All human populations are believed to have had this balance until the late 18th century, when this balance ended in Western Europe. In fact, growth rates were less than 0.05% at least since the Agricultural Revolution over 10,000 years ago.

Stage 1

Population growth is typically very slow in this stage, because the society is constrained by the available food supply; therefore, unless the society develops new technologies to increase food production (e.g. discovers new sources of food or achieves higher crop yields), any fluctuations in birth rates are soon matched by death rates.

stage two

In ______, that of a developing country, death rates drop rapidly due to improvements in food supply and sanitation, which increase life spans and reduce disease. Afghanistan is currently in this stage.

Stage 2

The improvements specific to food supply typically include selective breeding and crop rotation and farming techniques. Other improvements generally include access to technology, basic healthcare, and education.

stage three

In ____, birth rates fall. Mexico’s population is at this stage. Birth rates decrease due to various fertility factors such as access to contraception, increases in wages, urbanization, a reduction in subsistence agriculture, an increase in the status and education of women, a reduction in the value of children’s work, an increase in parental investment in the education of children and other social changes. Population growth begins to level off. The birth rate decline in developed countries started in the late 19th century in northern Europe.

contraception

While improvements in _______ do play a role in birth rate decline, it should be noted that contraceptives were not generally available nor widely used in the 19th century and as a result likely did not play a significant role in the decline then.

values

It is important to note that birth rate decline is caused also by a transition in ____; not just because of the availability of contraceptives.

stage four

During ______, there are both low birth rates and low death rates. Birth rates may drop to well below replacement level as has happened in countries like Germany, Italy, and Japan, leading to a shrinking population, a threat to many industries that rely on population growth. Sweden is considered to currently be in Stage 4.

Stage 1

An example of this stage is the United States in the 1800s.

Stage 2

Afghanistan is currently in this stage.

stage 3

Mexico’s population is at this stage

Stage 4

Sweden is considered to currently be in _____

United Nations Population Fund

The ________ (2008) categorizes nations as high-fertility, intermediate-fertility, or low-fertility.

triple

The United Nations (UN) anticipates the population growth will ____ between 2011 and 2100 in high-fertility countries, which are currently concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa.

26

For countries with intermediate fertility rates (the United States, India, and Mexico all fall into this category), growth is expected to be about ___ percent.

Low-fertility

____ countries like China, Australia, and most of Europe will actually see population decline of approximately 20 percent.