Industrialization and Its Impact

Flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to industrialization and its effects on economy, society, and environment.

Industrial Revolution

The period of major industrialization that began in the late 18th century, marked by the transition from hand production methods to machines.

Guild System

A medieval organization of crafts and trades in which members controlled the quality of their products and the training of apprentices.

Cottage Industry

A system of production where goods are made at home or in small-scale, decentralized locations, often involving family labor.

Textile Industry

The industry involved in the production of yarn, cloth, and the subsequent design or manufacture of clothing.

Steam Engine

A heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid, pivotal in powering the Industrial Revolution.

Quinary Sector

The sector that involves high-level decision-making and knowledge-based services, including research, education, and healthcare.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

A set of 17 global goals established by the United Nations to address pressing social, economic, and environmental challenges worldwide.

Ecotourism

Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people.

Post-Fordism

A form of production in which processes are more flexible, allowing for small-scale, specialized production and just-in-time delivery.

Outsourcing

The business practice of utilizing external organizations to provide services or create products that were previously performed internally.

Special Economic Zones (SEZs)

Areas within a country that operate under different economic regulations than the rest of the country to attract foreign investment.

Gender Inequality Index (GII)

A measure that reflects inequality in achievement between women and men in reproductive health, empowerment, and labor-market participation.