The Chinese Civil War with Images, IB History: Chinese Civil War Study Guide

Mao Zedong

He partcipated in the May 4th Movement and was China's first communist leader. He was known as the "Great Helmsman".

Taiwan

When Jiang and the Nationalist forces were defeated, they retreated to this island, known as Nationalist China.

Great Leap Forward

This was Mao's plan to move farmers onto government owned communes or collective farms while they would produce steel at night. This plan was such a failure that it unleashed a famine in China that killed 20 million from 1958-1961.

Red Guard

These high school and college students responded to Mao's call for revolution. They left their classrooms and formed militias.

Cultural Revolution

This was when the Red Guards were allowed to "make revolution" by shutting down schools and colleges. They targeted anyone who has special privileges and subjected them to trial and execution.

Red Army

This was Mao's army of peasants that was trained in guerilla warfare.

Yan'an (Shaanxi Soviet)

This was the second base created by Mao when he escaped from the GMD again and it's where they were able to recover their army and resources in order to survive and fight for themselves.

GMD

Parliamentary party created by Sun Yixian in 1912. The object of his party was to create a unified, modern, and democratic China.

Warlords

They were the people who controlled each of their own area and were backed up with a private army.

Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-sen)

He was the first president of China. He was elected during November, 1911 and was a political exile that was in the USA during the revolutions.

CCP

A socialist organization that was created in 1921. The followers were made up of intellectuals and peasants. Opposed the GMD

Long March

This was the last hope for the CCP after the loss in the 5th campaign in 1934 after they decided to begin a 9,600 km trek to retreat from the GMD to set up another base.

May Fourth Movement

Led by students in 1919 where they held mass demonstrations against warlords, Chinese traditionalism, and Japan.

Nationalists

Lost the Civil War to Mao and the communists.

Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek)

Took over the nationalist party of China in 1925, his enemy or rival was Mao Zedong the leader of the communist party, eventually lost the Civil war and retreated to Taiwan in 1949.

"The Three Principles"

These were known as Nationalism, Democracy, and People's Livelihood. They were important to the funding of the GMD party and helped dictate their guiding reasoning for revolution.

Guerrilla warfare

Small group of combatants use military tactics including ambushes, sabotage, raids, petty warfare, hit-and-run tactics, and mobility to fight a larger and less-mobile traditional military.

1927

"White Terror" movement was occurring during this year. The GMD began attacking the CCP in Shanghai. Beginning of the Chinese Civil War

Revolutionary Warfare

This was a type of practice where Mao's goal was to beat the GMD but to also pursue and spread his own ideology throughout China.

Guomindang

The full name of the GMD or the nationalist party and fought against the communist party in the Chinese Civil war.

Communism

Mao and his followers believed in ...

Yuan Shikai

He was a military dictator during 1912-1915 in China. He was significant because his ruling became the key obstacle to unite China.

1937

This was an important year because it was when the Second United Front was created. After Japan invaded Manchuria, the Chinese Civil war was put on hold in order to defend itself from the aggressive nature of Japanese expansionism.

Encirclement Campaigns

Launched by the Chinese nationalists against the communists during the Civil War. They were significant because they were launched in order to stop the Communist Red Army.

First United Front

This agreement began in 1922; the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the Guomindang (GMD) came to terms to unite in order to deconstruct the practice of warlords throughout China.

Jiangxi Soviet

This was a province that the CCP (Chinese Communist Party) retreated to after the White Terror. They were forced to get away from the GMD due to the fact that they were much stronger then them and could possibly put an end to their party completely.

Beijing

Current capital of China

Yangtze

One of the main rivers of China that isn't "yellow"

Opium Wars

Conflict between Great Britain and China over restrictions to foreign trade

Taiping Rebellion

A Christian-inspired rural rebellion that threatened to topple the Qing Empire.

First Sino-Japanese War

Conflict between China and Japan in 1894- 1895 over control of Korea

Boxer Rebellion

A series of revolutionary, violent actions of traditionalist Chinese people who wanted to throw the foreigners out in 1899; Eight nations came together to counter this

Double Tenth Revolution

1911 series of events and regional conflicts that resulted in the formation of the Chinese Republic under Sun Yat-sen

Treaty of Versailles

Document which gave Germany's old colonies in China to the Japanese; Cause of much frustration and bitterness after 1919

Himalayas

The major mountain range in China

Five

Geographically, China has _____ time zone(s).

One

Officially, China has ____ time zone(s).

Yellow River

Known as the "river of sorrows" for flooding; highly polluted today

White Terror

Effort by nationalists to get rid of the communists - turn against communist allies (mass killing)

28 Bolsheviks

Chinese students educated in Moscow who took over the CCP during the first phase of the Chinese civil war

Luding Bridge Incident

part of the Long March mythology; Red Army defeated opposition to secure this; Exaggerated stories about how they won

The Little Red Book

Mao's sayings and famous quotes

Marco Polo Bridge

(1937) The site of the opening conflict between Japan and China; led to the Pacific War

70-20-10

Mao's policy of how to approach expansion, dealing with the GMD, and fighting the Japanese during the 2nd Sino-Japanese War

Rectification Campaign

Purge of Mao's enemies inside the CCP (intellectuals and anyone not in line with CCP thinking)

1 million

Number of CCP troops in 1945

4 million

Number of GMD troops in 1945

October 1, 1949

People's Republic of China is established