Studied by 25 people
Pages: 636-640, Chapter 24
William Jennings Bryan
Former secretary of state and presidential nominee, who prosecuted John Scopes in his trial over the teaching of evolution
Calvin Coolidge
President that increased tariffs, decreased gov. regulation of business, lowered taxes with Rev. Act, vetoed McNary Haugen Bill twice
McNary Haugen Bill
This would have assisted farmers, who badly needed price supports, but Coolidge vetoed it twice
Margaret Sanger
American leader of the movement to legalize birth control during the early 1920s; thrown in jail a lot as a result
Tulsa Race Massacre
Mobs of white residents, many of them, deputized, and given weapons by city officials, attacked black residents, and businesses of the Greenwood district in this town in Oklahoma
Revenue Act
Passed by Coolidge; slashed taxes
Black Star Line
Garvey’s shipping line that only shipped goods meant for Black Businesses; was a part of the mail fraud case
Return to normalcy
Harding’s campaign slogan, wanting to go back, how things were before the war
13 years
Prohibition lasted this long before its eventual repeal
New Orleans
Birthplace of Jazz Music
Washington Disarmament Conference
The U.S. and nine other countries discussed limits on naval armaments. They felt that a naval arms race had contributed to the start of WW I. They created quotas for different classes of ships that could be built by each country based on its economic power, and the size of existing navies.
Marcus Garvey
Formed the group UNIA; later found guilty of mail fraud and deported back to Jamaica
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Famous writer of the lost generation; his writing pact about materialism and the plans of the mainstream culture of America during the 1920s
18th Amendment
Prohibited the manufacture, sell, and distribution of alcoholic beverages
Kellogg-Briand Pact
Signed by Hoover; 1928 agreement in which many nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one another and made offensive wars illegal; a bit impractical as there was no way to enforce the pact or sanction those who broke it
Harlem Renaissance
Black literary and artistic movement centered in Harlem that lasted from the 1920s into the early 1930s that both celebrated and laminated Black life in America
Cars
Lead to a growth in things, such as gas stations, malls, tourism, and more
Flappers
Carefree young woman with short, bob hair, heavy, makeup, and short skirts. Symbolized the new liberated women of the 1920s.
Installment plan
A payment plan that allows customers to make payments at set intervals over a period of time until the total debt is paid
Cotton Club
All white night club/speakeasy in New York that invited black jazz artists to perform for their all white audience
Republican
The presidents of the 1920s were all of this party
Emergency Quota Act of 1921
Government legislation limited the number of immigrants from Europe, which was set at 3% of the nationality currently in the US; Later reduced to 2%; banned Asians
Louis Armstrong
Leading African-American jazz musician during the Harlem renaissance; he was a talented trumpeter, whose style influenced many later musicians
Langston Hughes
African-American poet, who described the rich culture of African-American life, using rhymes, influenced by jazz music
Teapot Dome Scandal
Incident during the Harding administration involving the granting of oil, drilling rights on government land in return for money
Radio
A uniform, consistent culture was created across America, thanks to the affordability of this which most Americans owned during the 1920s
Associationalism
Hoovers theory that business and industry leaders should gather together and come up with their own plan on how to get out of economic disaster
Back to Africa Movement
Led by Marcus Garvey during the 1910s and 1920s that promoted the return of blacks living all over the world to Africa
Dawes Plan
A plan to revive the German economy, the United States loans Germany money which, then can pay reparations to England and France, who can then pay their loans from the US. This circular flow of money was a success.
NAACP
Created by W.E.B. Du Bois as the first major civil rights group to seek racial equality by taking issues to court; published magazine “The Crisis”
Psychologists
Were hired in order to better craft advertisements that hit on secret desires
Chicago Race Riot
Black teenagers swimming in Lake Michigan happened to drift toward a white beach. A white man on shore threw stones and one kid went unconscious, and he drowned. Angry white mobs gathered in crowds to march into black neighborhoods to retaliate. Blacks fought back Dozens died in hundreds were injured. The worst riot during the Red Summer of 1919.
John T. Scopes
An educator in Tennessee who was arrested for teaching evolution. This trial represented the fundamentalists verse the modernists. The trial placed a negative image on fundamentalists, and it showed a changing America
Scopes Trial
1925 trial of a Tennessee school teacher for teaching Darwins theory of evolution
Al Capone
United States gangster who terrorized Chicago, during prohibition until arrested for tax evasion
KDKA
The first commercial radio station in America (in Pittsburgh)
Yellow Dog Contract
An agreement, some companies force workers to take that forbids them from joining a union. This was a method used to limit the power of unions, thus hampering their development.
Ohio Gang
A group of poker playing, men that were friends of President Harding. Harding appointed them to offices, and they used their power to gain money for themselves
Buying on margin
Paying a small percentage of a stocks price as a down payment and borrowing the rest
Hoover-Stimson Doctrine
This said that the United States would not recognize any territorial acquisitions that were taken over by force. (This is related to Japanese aggression in Manchuria in 1931)
Sacco & Vanzetti
Two Italian born laborers and anarchists who were tried, convicted and executed via electrocution for armed robbery
Clarence Darrow
Defended John scopes during the scopes trial. He argued that evolution should be taught in school.
Nativism
Favoring the interest of establish inhabitants over foreign born people; this feeling in the 1920s, ultimately lead to the resurgence of the KKK
Boston Police Strike
Police officers walked off the job and were fired and replaced by the national guard. This action taken by Governor Coolidge helped him later become VP then president
Palmer Raids
A 1920 operation coordinated by attorney general Mitchell Palmer, in which federal marshals raided the homes of suspected radicals and the headquarters of radical organizations in 32 cities
W.E.B. Du Bois
Founder of the NAACP
Lost Generation
A group of American writers that rebelled against America’s lack of cosmopolitan culture and were concerned by the influence of money and technology
Butler Act
Law in Tennessee that prohibited the teaching of evolution in public schools
Red Scare
Fear of the spread of communism in the US like Russia
Fordney-McCumber Tarriff
Passed by Harding increased taxes on imported goods to protect American industries; led to a decline in international trade
Industrial workers of the world
Political group of communists that scared the US
Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)
Created by Marcus Garvey pushing black people away from white society as he grew tired of the peaceful black movements; Published magazine “Negro World”; Faded after Garvey was deported
Duke Ellington
Born in Chicago middle class. Moved to Harlem in 1923 and began playing at the Cotton Club. Composer, pianist, and band leader. Most influential figures in jazz.
The Savoy Ballroom
A dance club located in NY that opened its doors to a completely integrated crowd and people of all races were treated equally
Prohibition
Total ban on the manufacture, sale, and transportation of liquor throughout the United States
Fundamentalism
Conservative beliefs in the Bible and that it should be literally believed and applied
Albert Fall
Main man of the Teapot Dome Scandal; Harding Secretary of the Interior who sold government owned oil-rich land to private oil companies and pocketed the profits
What happened to Labor Unions?
Lost public appeal as the NWLB ended, they banned African American workers, power shifts back to employers, were portrayed as communists, and were just overall suspect in the eyes of the public
Laissez-faire
Hands-off economic approach to the country that all the Republican presidents of the 1920s believed in
Steel Mill Strike
Participants lost as they were replaced by "scabs" until they gave in and returned to work
19th Amendment
Gave women the right to vote
Farming, Coal, & Textiles
What industries suffered the most in the 1920s?
Warren Harding
Wanted “normalcy” after the war, however, was friends with the Ohio Gang and Albert Fall, and passed the Fordney-McCumber Tariff
Herbert Hoover
Signed the Kellogg-Briand Pact & Hoover-Stimson Doctrine, wanted associationalism
Charles Lindbergh
First American to fly nonstop across the Atlantic Ocean; New American hero
Great Migration
The movement of millions of black americans to the north from the south
New Negro
Displayed the independence and strength of Black Americans; celebrated by the Harlem Renaissance
What was a Labor Union?
associations of workers formed to protect workers' rights and advance their interests
Coal Miners Strike
One of the only successful strikes; led by John L. Lewis
KKK
Greatly rises in the 1920’s as they rebrand and attack communists, immigrants, or anyone “undesirable”
Farming
this industry suffered due to overproduction after WW1; prices dropped by almost 60%
Coal Mining
This Industry suffered as coal was the main thing to power things until people discovered that oil was better and therefore shrinking demand of coal
Note