US History II (H): 1920s Test

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Pages: 636-640, Chapter 24

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72 Terms

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William Jennings Bryan

Former secretary of state and presidential nominee, who prosecuted John Scopes in his trial over the teaching of evolution

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Calvin Coolidge

President that increased tariffs, decreased gov. regulation of business, lowered taxes with Rev. Act, vetoed McNary Haugen Bill twice

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McNary Haugen Bill

This would have assisted farmers, who badly needed price supports, but Coolidge vetoed it twice

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Margaret Sanger

American leader of the movement to legalize birth control during the early 1920s; thrown in jail a lot as a result

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Tulsa Race Massacre

Mobs of white residents, many of them, deputized, and given weapons by city officials, attacked black residents, and businesses of the Greenwood district in this town in Oklahoma

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Revenue Act

Passed by Coolidge; slashed taxes

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Black Star Line

Garvey’s shipping line that only shipped goods meant for Black Businesses; was a part of the mail fraud case

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Return to normalcy

Harding’s campaign slogan, wanting to go back, how things were before the war

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13 years

Prohibition lasted this long before its eventual repeal

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New Orleans

Birthplace of Jazz Music

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Washington Disarmament Conference

The U.S. and nine other countries discussed limits on naval armaments. They felt that a naval arms race had contributed to the start of WW I. They created quotas for different classes of ships that could be built by each country based on its economic power, and the size of existing navies.

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Marcus Garvey

Formed the group UNIA; later found guilty of mail fraud and deported back to Jamaica

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F. Scott Fitzgerald

Famous writer of the lost generation; his writing pact about materialism and the plans of the mainstream culture of America during the 1920s

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18th Amendment

Prohibited the manufacture, sell, and distribution of alcoholic beverages

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Kellogg-Briand Pact

Signed by Hoover; 1928 agreement in which many nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one another and made offensive wars illegal; a bit impractical as there was no way to enforce the pact or sanction those who broke it

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Harlem Renaissance

Black literary and artistic movement centered in Harlem that lasted from the 1920s into the early 1930s that both celebrated and laminated Black life in America

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Cars

Lead to a growth in things, such as gas stations, malls, tourism, and more

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Flappers

Carefree young woman with short, bob hair, heavy, makeup, and short skirts. Symbolized the new liberated women of the 1920s.

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Installment plan

A payment plan that allows customers to make payments at set intervals over a period of time until the total debt is paid

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Cotton Club

All white night club/speakeasy in New York that invited black jazz artists to perform for their all white audience

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Republican

The presidents of the 1920s were all of this party

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Emergency Quota Act of 1921

Government legislation limited the number of immigrants from Europe, which was set at 3% of the nationality currently in the US; Later reduced to 2%; banned Asians

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Louis Armstrong

Leading African-American jazz musician during the Harlem renaissance; he was a talented trumpeter, whose style influenced many later musicians

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Langston Hughes

African-American poet, who described the rich culture of African-American life, using rhymes, influenced by jazz music

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Teapot Dome Scandal

Incident during the Harding administration involving the granting of oil, drilling rights on government land in return for money

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Radio

A uniform, consistent culture was created across America, thanks to the affordability of this which most Americans owned during the 1920s

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Associationalism

Hoovers theory that business and industry leaders should gather together and come up with their own plan on how to get out of economic disaster

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Back to Africa Movement

Led by Marcus Garvey during the 1910s and 1920s that promoted the return of blacks living all over the world to Africa

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Dawes Plan

A plan to revive the German economy, the United States loans Germany money which, then can pay reparations to England and France, who can then pay their loans from the US. This circular flow of money was a success.

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NAACP

Created by W.E.B. Du Bois as the first major civil rights group to seek racial equality by taking issues to court; published magazine “The Crisis”

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Psychologists

Were hired in order to better craft advertisements that hit on secret desires

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Chicago Race Riot

Black teenagers swimming in Lake Michigan happened to drift toward a white beach. A white man on shore threw stones and one kid went unconscious, and he drowned. Angry white mobs gathered in crowds to march into black neighborhoods to retaliate. Blacks fought back Dozens died in hundreds were injured. The worst riot during the Red Summer of 1919.

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John T. Scopes

An educator in Tennessee who was arrested for teaching evolution. This trial represented the fundamentalists verse the modernists. The trial placed a negative image on fundamentalists, and it showed a changing America

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Scopes Trial

1925 trial of a Tennessee school teacher for teaching Darwins theory of evolution

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Al Capone

United States gangster who terrorized Chicago, during prohibition until arrested for tax evasion

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KDKA

The first commercial radio station in America (in Pittsburgh)

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Yellow Dog Contract

An agreement, some companies force workers to take that forbids them from joining a union. This was a method used to limit the power of unions, thus hampering their development.

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Ohio Gang

A group of poker playing, men that were friends of President Harding. Harding appointed them to offices, and they used their power to gain money for themselves

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Buying on margin

Paying a small percentage of a stocks price as a down payment and borrowing the rest

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Hoover-Stimson Doctrine

This said that the United States would not recognize any territorial acquisitions that were taken over by force. (This is related to Japanese aggression in Manchuria in 1931)

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Sacco & Vanzetti

Two Italian born laborers and anarchists who were tried, convicted and executed via electrocution for armed robbery

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Clarence Darrow

Defended John scopes during the scopes trial. He argued that evolution should be taught in school.

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Nativism

Favoring the interest of establish inhabitants over foreign born people; this feeling in the 1920s, ultimately lead to the resurgence of the KKK

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Boston Police Strike

Police officers walked off the job and were fired and replaced by the national guard. This action taken by Governor Coolidge helped him later become VP then president

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Palmer Raids

A 1920 operation coordinated by attorney general Mitchell Palmer, in which federal marshals raided the homes of suspected radicals and the headquarters of radical organizations in 32 cities

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W.E.B. Du Bois

Founder of the NAACP

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Lost Generation

A group of American writers that rebelled against America’s lack of cosmopolitan culture and were concerned by the influence of money and technology

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Butler Act

Law in Tennessee that prohibited the teaching of evolution in public schools

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Red Scare

Fear of the spread of communism in the US like Russia

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Fordney-McCumber Tarriff

Passed by Harding increased taxes on imported goods to protect American industries; led to a decline in international trade

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Industrial workers of the world

Political group of communists that scared the US

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Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)

Created by Marcus Garvey pushing black people away from white society as he grew tired of the peaceful black movements; Published magazine “Negro World”; Faded after Garvey was deported

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Duke Ellington

Born in Chicago middle class. Moved to Harlem in 1923 and began playing at the Cotton Club. Composer, pianist, and band leader. Most influential figures in jazz.

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The Savoy Ballroom

A dance club located in NY that opened its doors to a completely integrated crowd and people of all races were treated equally

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Prohibition

Total ban on the manufacture, sale, and transportation of liquor throughout the United States

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Fundamentalism

Conservative beliefs in the Bible and that it should be literally believed and applied

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Albert Fall

Main man of the Teapot Dome Scandal; Harding Secretary of the Interior who sold government owned oil-rich land to private oil companies and pocketed the profits

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What happened to Labor Unions?

Lost public appeal as the NWLB ended, they banned African American workers, power shifts back to employers, were portrayed as communists, and were just overall suspect in the eyes of the public

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Laissez-faire

Hands-off economic approach to the country that all the Republican presidents of the 1920s believed in

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Steel Mill Strike

Participants lost as they were replaced by "scabs" until they gave in and returned to work

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19th Amendment

Gave women the right to vote

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Farming, Coal, & Textiles

What industries suffered the most in the 1920s?

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Warren Harding

Wanted “normalcy” after the war, however, was friends with the Ohio Gang and Albert Fall, and passed the Fordney-McCumber Tariff

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Herbert Hoover

Signed the Kellogg-Briand Pact & Hoover-Stimson Doctrine, wanted associationalism

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Charles Lindbergh

First American to fly nonstop across the Atlantic Ocean; New American hero

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Great Migration

The movement of millions of black americans to the north from the south

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New Negro

Displayed the independence and strength of Black Americans; celebrated by the Harlem Renaissance

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What was a Labor Union?

associations of workers formed to protect workers' rights and advance their interests

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Coal Miners Strike

One of the only successful strikes; led by John L. Lewis

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KKK

Greatly rises in the 1920’s as they rebrand and attack communists, immigrants, or anyone “undesirable”

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Farming

this industry suffered due to overproduction after WW1; prices dropped by almost 60%

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Coal Mining

This Industry suffered as coal was the main thing to power things until people discovered that oil was better and therefore shrinking demand of coal