Information Management, Data Processing, & Databases

Flashcards about Information Management, Data Processing, & Databases

Information Management

Set of processes that supports an organization through the identification of information needs, data acquisition, creation, structuring, organization and storage of information, development of information products and services, information access and distribution and the utilization of information. Involves planning and control so that the correct people get the information they need in a timely manner.

Data

Maintained via an IT infrastructure must be interpreted in order to provide information (e.g. score from activities).

Information

From information systems must be understood in order to become knowledge (e.g. all students failed in a particular course).

Knowledge

Enables key people in an organization to make effective decisions.

Effective decisions

Lead to appropriate actions which lead to meaningful results.

Information Management improves business processes by

Cost reduction, reduction from uncertainty, and addition or creation of value.

Information Management

Harnesses Information Technology to improve the business process and meet business goals through information systems. Includes the utilization of internal and external data.

Information Management Policies

Incorporate policies and processes that govern the data such as who has access, how it is stored, data lifecycle. Involves people who manage information as well as the creators and users of data and information.

Data Processing

Collection and manipulation of data to produce information. Includes processes such as validation, sorting, summarization, aggregation, analysis, classification, reporting. Typically combines manual and electronic approaches.

Data Life Cycle

Create/Acquire, Store, Use, Share, Archive, Dispose, Destroy

Database Systems

Consist of the database and its accompanying application and the DBMS, are used in practically all disciplines in which computers and other consumer electronic devices are used.

Database

Collection of persistent data used by the application systems of some given enterprise. A logically coherent collection of related data with inherent meaning, representing some aspect of the real world, and designed, built, and populated with data for a special purpose, with an intended group of users and preconceived applications in which these users are interested.

Database applications

Enrollment, POS, airline booking, payroll, and other information systems that support typical company operations. Advances in technology have led to Big Data storage systems to manage data for organizations such as Amazon, Google and Facebook. Other applications include video streaming, GIS, data warehousing, data mining, OLAP, data analytics.

Database Management Systems (DBMS)

General purpose software system that facilitates the processes of defining, constructing, and manipulating databases for various purposes and applications. Provides tools, interfaces, and data languages for users of different skills and technical backgrounds.

Data access languages

Data definition language (DDL) and data manipulation language (DML); integrated into one comprehensive language (e.g., Structured Query Language for relational DBMSs).

Database Management Systems Classification

Architecture: centralized, distributed, in-memory, cloud. Data model: hierarchical, network, relational, object-relational, object-oriented, NoSQL. Content: transactional data, spatial data, multi-media, statistical data. Application type.

Database Management Systems Functions

Create/update the database structure ,Query from the database, Make changes to the database, Control access rights to data, Query from metadata,Backup/import/export and recovery;Monitoring and performance tuning,Data definition, Data manipulation, Application development,Administration

Database schema

Description of the database with respect to the structures that are used to store the data, the integrity constraints defined on the data, as well as operations on the data. Usually specified during the database design phase using a data model. When defined in a physical database via a DBMS, the metadata or the DBMS's data dictionary is updated. Changes infrequently, if at all.

Database instance

Actual data contained in the database at a particular moment in time. Upon creation of a database schema in a DBMS, the database instance is initially empty. Changes with each update (adding, modifying, or removing data).

Database Users

Database administrators (DBAs) and staff, application developers, database and interface designers, software engineers, system analysts, programmers, and end users.

Data Models

Collection of concepts and tools used in the description of a database in terms of structure used to hold the data and the relationships among data items, integrity constraints required to ensure the correctness of data, and operations permitted on the data. Represented through a specific database schema.

Categories of data models

Conceptual (high-level), logical (implementation or representational), and physical (low-level).