Henry VIII Flashcards wolsey era

Flashcards about Henry VIII

What were Henry VIII's primary aims upon coming to power?

To have loyalty and to conquer French territories.

How did Henry VIII's interactions with the nobility differ from his father's?

He was more generous to the nobility and interacted with them more.

What did Henry VIII do with the Council Learned in Law and why?

He abolished it in his first Parliament in 1510 due to public discontent.

What were the two phases of Henry VIII's early government?

Conciliar (1509-1514) and Ministerial (1514-1529).

Name three individuals retained from the previous administration in Henry VIII's early government.

Sir Thomas Lovell, Bishop Fox, and Archbishop Warham.

What was the consequence of giving ministers more power under Henry VIII?

created factions and rivalries among ministers.

Who were the principal members (groom of stool) of the Privy Chamber?

Sir William Compton (1509-1526) and Henry Norris (1526-1536).

What was the purpose of the Parliaments in the early years of Henry VIII's reign e.g. Jan-Feb 1510?

Abolish Council Learned in Law, revenue for invasions, repeal of Act restricting benefit of clergy, revenue for invasion, Reformation Parliament.

Background of Wolsey?

Low born, degree at Oxford at 15, royal almoner, bursar of Magdalen College.

When did Wolsey became Cardinal and Lord Chancellor/Chief Minister?

1515

When was the Treaty of London?

1518

When did Wolsey fail with the Amicable Grant?

1525

Why was Edward Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, executed?

Links to Plantagenet rivals and planning treason.

What did the Duke of Suffolk did wrong in the eyes of Henry VIII?

He married Henry’s sister Mary without Henry's permission.

What were Wolsey's primary aims as Chief Minister?

To serve the King and advance his own interests.

What was the outcome of 'Just Price'?

Little was actually done to take on the issue

What was the purpose of the national enquiry to see impact of enclosed land?

National enquiry to see impact of enclosed land.

What were subsidies based on?

Tax based on valuation of taxpayer wealth.

What was the Amicable Grant?

Extra tax raised by Wolsey based on property valuation

What was Recoignage?

Increase coins in circulations but reduce weight of silver coins.

What was 'The New Learning'?

Rise of humanist ideas which criticised the Church.

What were some common criticisms regarding the behaviour of Churchmen?

Absenteeism and pluralism.

What is anti-clericalism?

Hostility towards Catholic Church by London merchant class.

Explain Benefit of the clergy.

Clergy members had right to be tried at Church court.

Give examples of Reformation ideas

Martin Luther 95 Theses and the Lollards and White Horse Pub.

What was Wolsey known for doing with the Star Chamber?

Increased number of cases heard in Star Chamber.

Why was the Star chamber established?

Ensure fair enforcement of laws against socially political and prominent people.

What did Etham Ordinances 1526 do in the privy chamber?

Reduced privy chamber from 12 to 6.

Why was Duke of Buckingham summoned to court and arrested?

Planning treason

How did spies help Wolsey hold onto government?

Infiltrated Richard Pace to be gentleman in attendance on King

What reform idea did Wolsey encouraged Henry to follow?

Replace the young favourites with more older, serious and experienced men

According to Henry VIII, what was his duty to his territories?

Duty to use them to maximise wealth, power and prestige.

What was Henry VIII's aims in terms of territories?

Recover French Empire.

Foreign Policy Overview for Henry VIII?

Pursuit of Peace, War with France, Negotiating Peace, Habsburg Alliance and War with France, French Alliance against Spain.

List the names of the monarchs in France, Scotland, Spain and HRE at the start of Henry’s reign.

Louis XII, James IV, Ferdinand of Aragon, Maximilian

What was the population of England during Henry VIII's reign?

2 million

Relevance of 1509?

Henry VIII is crowned and marries Catherine of Aragon

1510 foreign policy?

Treaty of Etaples - conflict of interest between Henry VIII and his councillors

What happened in 1512?

Sent an army to South West France, Spain and HRE conquered Navarre

What happened in 1513?

Battle of Spurs (France) and Battle of Flodden (Scotland)

What happened in 1514?

Treaty of Saint Germain-En-Laye

What happened in 1516?

Battle of Marignano - Francis I takes Duchy of Milan

What happened in 1518?

Treaty of London

What happened in 1520?

Field of Cloth of Gold

What happened in 1524?

Calais/Brugge Conference

What happened in 1522?

Treaty of Windsor

What happened in 1525?

Battle of Pavia

What happened in 1526?

League of Cognac

What happened in 1527?

Treaty of Westminster

What happened in 1528?

England and France declare war on Charles V

What happened in 1529?

Treaty of Cambrai

King's Great Matter

Divorce Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn

Who was Henry VIII's illegitimate heir?

Henry Fitzroy

List three methods to attempt an annulment.

Diplomatic manoeuvres, clerical error and legal efforts.

Why did Wolsey fail to secure divorce from Catherine of Aragon?

Scriptural arguments were weak, diplomatic manoeuvres failed, legal efforts stalled

Failure to achieve Henry's aims in foreign policy

England still isolated and many new young monarchs competed with Henry

What Financial policies were considered a failure from Wolsey

Amicable Grant, recoinage

Who hinted that Wolsey was delaying the divorce?

Boleyn faction

What was Wolsey's position as Cardinal viewed?

Arrogant due to other titles and wealth

What indicates Wolsey was abuse of power?

Duke of Buckingham, Eltham Ordinances

What reasons led to Wolsey's fall from power?

Failure to secure divorce from Catherine of Aragon, failure to achieve Henry's aims in foreign policy and reputation and personal ambitions.

When does the King's Great Matter begin and end?

1527-1534

What diplomatic maneuvers did Wolsey try to free the Pope from Charles' influence?

Alliance with France and renewal of military involvement in Italy.

What clerical error did Wolsey suggest focusing on to get the annulment?

Wording of original dispensation of the affinity of Arthur and Catherine's marriage.

What legal efforts were made for the annulment?

Cardinal Campeggio delayed delay case and biblical paes Leviticus 20, verse 21 vs Deuteronomy.

Why did Diplomatic manoeuvres fail?

Charles V controlled Pope/was too powerful

Why did Francis I's victory outshine Wolsey?

Milan was more impressive

What was the outcome of Failed financial policies - Amicable Grant, recoinage?

economic depression and suffering amongst poor leading to riots

Why was Wolsey unpopular?

legal interventions, 'friend to poor', background

Wolsey was charged with?

praemunire

When did Wolsey fell from power?

1529

When did Wolsey die?

1530

Describe Expensive foreign policy

Supporting Habsburgs gained nothing and No effective contribution when supporting French

What caused the outshining of Charles V

Defeat at Landriano

Who does Wolsey lose influence with

Wolsey loses influence in Royal Council late 1520s