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Resistance
Fighting Back
Resilience
the personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma
Pelt
animal skin and fur (no meat)
Trap
catch animals to kill and sell or eat them
Trading Post
Place in colonial North America where settlers and Indigenous peoples met to trade goods
New World
the name given by Europeans to the Americas, which were unknown to most Europeans before the voyages of Christopher Columbus
Turtle Island
The original name given to North America and Mexico by the Indigenous Peoples
Hudson Bay Company (HBC)
Controlled the fur trade in Canada
Eurocentric
the tendency to favor European or Western histories, cultures, and values over other non-Western societies
The Crown
The highest authority in the Canadian government
Numbered Treaties
Historical agreements (11 treaties) between the Canadian Government and First Nations that negotiated control of the land for promised education, health care, reserves, rights to hunt & fish, farming assistance and annual payment.
Lease
a contract granting use or occupation of property during a specified time for a specified payment
Purchase
to buy
Consent
permission to do something that can be revoked
James Douglas
Father of BC; governor of the colony of BC
Douglas Treaties
were a series of treaties signed between certain indigenous groups on Vancouver Island and the Colony of Vancouver Island.
Treaty
A formal agreement between two or more sovereign nations
Métis Nation
A unique Indigenous group made of descendants of fur traders and Indigenous women with a unique homeland, language, culture, and traditions.
Autonomy
(n.) self-government, political control
Sovereignty
Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states.
Annie Bannatyne
A Métis woman who showed resistance in early Red River
List of Rights
The document presented by Louis Riel's provisional government to demand Métis protections in the province of Manitoba
Louis Riel
Metis leader of the Red River and North-West Resistances
Amnesty
(n.) a general pardon for an offense against a government; you are guilty, but they won't pursue you for it
Siege
the surrounding of a place in order to force it to surrender (like the one at Battleford during the NorthWest Rebellion)
Surrender
to give in or give up; to accept defeat
Treason
the crime of betraying one's country
Batoche
Site of the battle which saw the defeat of the Metis forces during the North-West Rebellion AND the place the Métis set up their own government at the start of the NorthWest Rebellion
Battle of Duck Lake
The first skirmish of the NorthWest Rebellion, a Métis victory.
Frog Lake Massacre
Battle between the Cree and colonists after they were starved. Chief Big Bear negotiated peace.
Battle of Fish Creek
Battle between the Métis and colonial forces, Métis victory
Execution
Killing someone as a consequence of crime
Militia
a military force that is raised from the civil population on a volunteer basis
Time Immemorial
a longer time than anyone can remember
Nlaka'pamux
Indigenous nation in the Fraser Canyon
Gold Rush
a large migration of people to a newly discovered gold field
Massacre
the killing of many people
Murder
the unlawful premeditated killing of one human being by another.
Martyr
a person who dies for a cause
Exonerate
to free from blame
Tsilhqot'in
Indigenous group from northern BC
Klatsassin
Chief of the Tsilhqot'in people, executed for his involvement in the war on his territory
Alfred Waddington
Entrepreneur who wanted to build a road through Tsilhqot'in territory
Frederick Seymour
The governor of BC who waged war on the Tsilhqot'in
Matthew Baillie Begbie
The judge who sentenced the Tsilhqot'in chiefs to death for their role in the Tsilhqot'in War
Smallpox
A highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever, weakness, and skin eruption with pustules that form scabs; responsible for killing Indigenous peoples.
Segregation
Separation of people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences
Exclusion
The act of keeping out or shutting out
Tolerate
to put up with, to bear
Accept
to embrace or include
Riot
a social eruption that is highly emotional, violent, and undirected
The Head Tax
the fee that Chinese immigrants were required to pay after 1885 in order to enter Canada
The Exclusion Act
outlawed immigration from China
Asiatic Exclusion League
an organization with an agenda to prevent Asian immigration
Sikh
Nonviolent religious group from the Punjab region of India
Komagata Maru
The boat that transported Sikhs and challenged the 'continuous passage' rule
Continuous Journey Regulation
The law barring migrants from entering Canada if they did not make a single trip without stopping from their country of origin
British Commonwealth
A political community consisting of the United Kingdom, its dependencies, and former colonies of Great Britain that are now sovereign nations; currently called the Commonwealth of Nations.
Operation Oblivion
The top secret commando group of Chinese Canadians (mainly from Vancouver) that fought in WWII
Colonization
One country taking over another area to be used for their benefit
