Skeletal System

The skeletal system functions as? and it’s made up of what?

• A structural support for our tissues and organs.

• It is made up of bones, cartilage, and ligaments

What is a cartilage and a bone?

• Cartilage: Avascular connective tissue, soft, and flexible

• Bone: Living connective tissue that is hard and strong

What is a ligament, and what is a tendon?

• Ligament: Bone-to-bone connection

• Tendon: Muscle to bone connectors

What are the seven functions of bones?

1. Support of soft tissue

2. Protection of internal organs

3. Assistance in body movement

4. Mineral storage

5. Blood production

6. Energy storage in the form of adipose cells in the marrow

7. Endocrine regulation

What are the two types of bone development stages?

1. Immature: Woven bone and weak

2. Mature: Lamellar bone is strong. Spongy and compact type

What makes bones living tissues?

Bones are constantly turned over in the process of bone remodeling. They do not remain stagnant

The vertebrate skeleton is organized into what two groups?

1. Axial skeleton: Skull, Rib cage, and Vertebral column

2. Appendicular skeleton: Whatever is not part of the axial skeleton

What are sutures?

Immovable joints

What are movable joints?

Plane, hinge, condylar, pivot, ball and socket, and saddle

What are the three joint types?

1. Fibrous: No movement

2. Cartilaginous: Some movement

3. Synovial: Ample movement

What is the origin of attachment?

Point of attachment of the muscle to the stationary bone

What is the insertion of attachment?

The point of attachment of a muscle to a bone that moves

Intervertebral discs are characteristic of what type of joint?

Cartilaginous joints

What are the four types of bone cells?

1. Osteoprogenitor: Differentiates into osteoblasts

2. Osteoblasts: Secrete collagen and organic compounds

3. Osteocytes: Exchange nutrients and materials with blood

4. Osteoclasts: Destroy bone matrix, releasing minerals back to the blood

What are the two types of bone formation called?

Spongy and compact bone

What is bone made of?

Most of Ca2+ in body is stored as hydroxyapatite, a type of calcium phosphate

• calcium phosphate is the main calcium compound in bone

• Almost all calcium in the body is contained in bone and teeth

What is endochondral ossification

Cartilage → bone

What is intramembranous ossification?

Differentiate connective tissue → bone (less commom)

What is the fundamental structural unit of compact bone?

Osteon

Where are osteocytes are located within small spaces called?

Lacunae

Which component of bone primarily confers its flexibility and tensile strength?

Collegen fibers