Ch13b Key terms

Adapter Proteins

Proteins that link cargo receptors to coat proteins during vesicle formation.

Autophagy

A cellular process in which damaged or unnecessary cellular components are degraded.

Cis Golgi

The Golgi compartment closest to the ER, where proteins enter the Golgi apparatus.

Cisternal Maturation Model

A model of Golgi function in which the Golgi cisternae themselves mature and move through the Golgi stack, carrying proteins with them.

Clathrin

A coat protein that assembles into a lattice-like structure, driving membrane curvature and vesicle formation.

Coat Proteins

Proteins that bind to the membrane and drive vesicle formation.

Endocytosis

The process by which cells internalize molecules or particles from the extracellular environment by engulfing them in vesicles.

ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)

An organelle involved in protein and lipid synthesis.

ER Lumen

The space between the ER membranes.

Exocytosis

The process by which cells release molecules or particles to the extracellular environment by fusing vesicles with the plasma membrane.

Golgi Apparatus

An organelle involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids.

KDEL Receptor

A receptor protein that binds to the KDEL sequence, facilitating the retrieval of ER-resident proteins from the Golgi.

KDEL Sequence

A signal sequence (Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu) found on soluble ER proteins that promotes their return from the Golgi to the ER.

Lysosome

An organelle containing acid hydrolases that degrade cellular waste and debris.

Mannose-6-Phosphate (M6P)

A sugar modification added to lysosomal enzymes in the Golgi, targeting them for delivery to lysosomes.

Phagocytosis

A type of endocytosis in which cells engulf large particles, such as bacteria or cellular debris.

Pino Endocytosis

A type of endocytosis that brings small molecules into a cell.

Proteases

Enzymes that cleave proteins.

Signal Sequence

A short amino acid sequence that directs a protein to a specific location within the cell.

SNAREs (Soluble NSF Attachment Receptor Proteins)

Proteins that mediate the fusion of transport vesicles with their target membranes.

Trans Golgi

The Golgi compartment farthest from the ER, where proteins exit the Golgi apparatus.

Vesicle

A small, membrane-bound sac used to transport substances within the cell.

Vesicular Tubular Cluster

A cluster of vesicles that transport proteins from the ER to the Golgi.

Vesicular Transport Model

A model of Golgi function in which proteins are transported between Golgi cisternae by vesicles.