Biomechanics - Exam 1

1. performance skills

2. motor skills

3. process skills

4. social interaction skills

the 4 pillars of occupational performance

goal-directed actions

performance skills

physical contribution to occupation

motor skills

cognitive, emotional, and psychosocial functioning

process skills

communicating

social interaction skills

1. habits

2. routines

3. roles

4. rituals

4 performance patterns

bone

made of collagen and calcium

cortical bone

have a greater mineral content and offer rigid support

cancellous bone

“spongy”, has a higher collagen content

hyaline cartilage

what eventually diminishes due to osteoarthritis

connect bone to bone

ligaments…

contract bones

tendons…

muscle spindles

where muscle tone comes from

isometric

muscle contraction with no change in length

isotonic

muscle contraction with a change in length

eccentric

lengthening of the muscle

concentric

shortening of the muscle length

load rate

how quickly force is applied to tissue

passive insufficiency

muscle cannot elongate enough to allow full range of motion

active insufficiency

adjacent fibers are maximally shortened and can’t contract further

synovial

joint for mobility

shoulder

area of the body with synovial joint

fibrous

joint for strength

head and neck

area of the body with fibrous joint

cartilaginous

joint for stability

pelvis

area of the body with cartilaginous joint

close-packed joint

a joint is at maximum extension (ex. locked knee)

open-packed joint

a joint is more mobile

ball and socket

most mobile joint

gliding

least mobile joint

1. gliding

2. rotation

3. tilt

the scapulothoracic joint allows for these 3 movements

1. elevation/depression

2. protraction/retraction

3. posterior/anterior rotation

the sternoclavicular joint allows for these 3 movements

1. gliding - anterior/posterior and superior/inferior

the acromioclavicular joint allows for this one movement

1. flexion/extension

2. abduction/adduction

3. internal/external rotation

4. horizontal abduction/adduction

the glenohumeral joint allows for these 4 movements

labrum

the ring that connects the ball and socket of the glenohumeral joint

stabilizes and mobilizes scapula

the trapezius does this

elevation and downward rotation of the scapula

the levator scapulae does this

elevation, downward rotation, and adduction of the scapula

the rhomboids do this

reaching behind you

essentially, the rhomboids are responsible for…

keeps scapula against ribs

the serratus anterior does this

stabilizes the scapula against the rib cage

the pectoralis minor does this

1. infraspinatus

2. teres minor

3. subscapularis

4. supraspinatus

4 muscles that make up the rotator cuff

rotation (reaching behind you)

the infraspinatus and teres minor do this

internal rotation of humerus

the subscapularis does this

abducts the humerus (reach above the head)

the supraspinatus does this

ADLs

the rotator cuff muscles are very active during…

flexion, abduction, and extension

the deltoid does this

adduction and internal rotation (holding things to the body)

the teres major does this