Ironies/Paradoxes and Sentence Structures

Declarative Sentence

Sentence declares or asserts something as a fact. The period, or full stop, marks the end of a declarative sentence

Telegraphic Sentence

Shortened sentence that mainly uses keywords and usually does not use articles. Used by children when they are first learning to speak.

Imperative Sentence

Used to issue a command or instruction, make a request, or offer advie. (Ex: Go to your room.)

Interrogative Sentence

Sentence that asks a question or makes a request for information. Usually ends in a question mark

Exclamatory Sentence

Sentence containing an exclamation or strong emphasis. Use of the exclamation poin after every exclamatory sentence.

Simple Sentence

Contains a subject and verb. Consists of a single statement. Only one independent clause.

Compound sentence

2 or more separate clauses connected by semicolon and coordinating conjuction. Two or more basic phrases joined together.

Complex Sentence

At least one independent clause, along with one or more dependent clause. Comma used to connect the clauses.

Compound-Complex sentence

Sentence with 2 or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clause linked with a semicolon or a conjuction.

Freight Train/Cumulative Sentence

Many independent clauses linked together with conjuction words. Short, independent clauses to make longer sequential statements

Loose Sentence

Principal clause (independent clause) at beginning then followed by dependent clause.

Periodic Sentence

Author puts a dependent clause first and the independent clause at the end to create tension.

Balanced Sentence

2 segments that are equal to each other, not only in length but also in grammatical structure and meaning.

Convoluted Structure/Sentence

Very long and difficult to understand because it interrupts the flow of the sentence. Intrustion between the subject and verb.

Sentence Fragment

Phrase missing either a subject or a verb, not a complete sentence

Run-On Sentence

When 2 independent clauses run together without proper punctuation. Sentence that requires additional punctuation to make it grammatically correct.

Paradox

Statement that seems self contradictory. Seems to be impossible, but might be true, or at least makes sense when you think about it more deeply.

Oxymoron

Figure of speech pairing 2 words together that are opposites. Ex: Pretty Ugly

Dramatic Irony

When the audience knows something that the characters do not

Verbal Irony

When a character says something but its has the opposite meaning.

Sarcasm

Use of words to imply the opposite of what you say in order to be funny, make fun of someone, or show irritation

Situational Irony

When the outcome is opposite of what was supposed to happen

Cosmic Irony

When something unexpected happens due to a higher power, fate, universe, something that is not MAN MADE.

Ambiguity

Phrase, statement, or resolution that has no clear meaning and is open to interprertation. 2 or more possible ways of understanding.

Wit

Saying something that shows someone's humor AND knowledge

Satire

To make fun of something that someone may deem wrong or incorrect. Holding up human vices to ridicule.