17 Cognitive Processes: Encoding and Memory

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts from the cognitive processes related to encoding and memory, helping with exam preparation.

Encoding

The initial act of getting information into our memory system through automatic or effortful processing.

Rehearsal

A cognitive process used to transfer information from short term memory (STM) to long term memory (LTM) by repeated practice.

Maintenance Rehearsal

A type of rehearsal that involves low-level, repetitive information recycling.

Elaborative Rehearsal

A higher-level rehearsal technique that involves processing information more meaningfully and complexly.

Levels of Processing

A theory that suggests memory retention depends on the depth of processing, with deeper processing leading to better retention.

Encoding Specificity

The principle stating that memory retrieval is improved when cues present at the time of encoding are also present at the time of retrieval.

Context-Dependent Learning

A phenomenon in which information is better recalled when retrieval occurs in the same context as the encoding.

Odor-Dependent Memory

A type of memory recall influenced by the presence or absence of certain odors during the learning phase.

State-Dependent Learning

A form of memory recall that is enhanced when an individual is in the same physiological or emotional state as when the memory was encoded.

Mood-Dependent Memory

The theory that memory recall is improved when an individual's mood during retrieval matches their mood during encoding.