ANS Basics + Somatic vs Autonomic

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Last updated 11:52 PM on 7/1/26
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16 Terms

1
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What is the ANS

autonomic nervous system part of the efferent motor division of the peripheral nervous system

involuntary control (subconscious) to ensure optimal support for body activities → circulation, digestion, metabolism, secretion, body temp, reproduction

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Difference in effectors between somatic nervous system and Autonomic nervous system

Somatic nervous system → skeletal muscles (voluntary)

Autonomic nervous system ANS → smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands (involuntary)

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Somatic nervous system efferent motor pathway

one thick and heavily meylinated somatic motor neuron (Type A) → each pathway from CNS to skeletal muscle

<p>one thick and heavily meylinated somatic motor neuron (Type A) → each pathway from CNS to skeletal muscle</p>
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ANS efferent motor pathway

two neuron chain

  • Preganglionic neuron (in the CNS) → thin lighly myelinated preganglionic axon

  • Postganglionic neuron (in the autonomic ganglion) → unmyelinated postganglionic axon

<p>two neuron chain</p><ul><li><p>Preganglionic neuron (in the CNS) → thin lighly myelinated preganglionic axon</p></li><li><p>Postganglionic neuron (in the autonomic ganglion) → unmyelinated postganglionic axon</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Preganglionic neuron

in the CNS → thin and lightly mylelinated preganglion axon which leaves the CNS and goes to the autonomic ganglion

<p>in the CNS → thin and lightly mylelinated preganglion axon which leaves the CNS and goes to the autonomic ganglion</p>
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Postganglionic neuron

in the autonomic ganglion → unmyelinated postganglionic axon, which goes from the ganglion to the effector organ

<p>in the autonomic ganglion → unmyelinated postganglionic axon, which goes from the ganglion to the effector organ</p>
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What is the order of the ANS efferent motor pathway starting from CNS

CNS → preganglionic neuron → autonomic ganglia (cell bodies) → postganglionic neuron → effector organ

<p>CNS → preganglionic neuron → autonomic ganglia (cell bodies) → postganglionic neuron → effector organ</p>
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Which is faster somatic nervous system or ANS and why

somatic nervous system because the axons are thick and heavily myelinated → myelin sheathes increase conduction speed

and ANS → 2 synapse instead of 1, extra synapse

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Autonomic ganglion

collection of neuron bodies in the PNS where synapse happen

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neurotransmitters of somatic nervous system

acetylcholine (ACh) only → effects are always stimulatory (muscles contract)

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what are the three neurotransmitters of the ANS

Acetylcholine, epinephrine, norepinephrine

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Neurons that secrete acetylecholine are called

cholinergic

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Neurons that secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine are called

adrenergic

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Preganglionic fibers (axons) release what neurotransmitter

Acetylcholine ACh

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Postganglionic fibers/axons release what neurotransmitter

Norepinephrine or acetylcholine

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Difference between neurotransmitter effects of somatic nervous sytem and ANS

Somatic nervous system → always stimulatory

ANS → stimulatory or inhibitory depending on receptor type