History - CHAPTER 5.3 - The End of Slavery and the Restoration of the Union

What did the Emancipation Proclamation declare in January 1863

It declared all slaves in Confederate controlled areas free but did not free slaves in border states or Union occupied regions

Why did the Emancipation Proclamation exclude border states

Lincoln did not want to alienate loyal slave states that were still in the Union

How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the purpose of the Civil War

It transformed the war into a fight to abolish slavery rather than just preserve the Union

How did the Emancipation Proclamation weaken the Confederacy

It removed enslaved labour, damaged the economy and discouraged European recognition

How did the Emancipation Proclamation affect foreign involvement

It stopped Britain and France from recognising the Confederacy because the war became linked to slavery

How did the Emancipation Proclamation help the Union army

It allowed African Americans to enlist, leading to almost 200000 joining the Union forces

Why did the Emancipation Proclamation boost Union morale

It presented the war as a struggle for freedom and democracy, giving the North a stronger moral cause

What were the major military turning points in 1863

Union victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg which weakened the Confederacy and lifted Northern confidence

What was the impact of Grant’s total war strategy

It destroyed Southern railways, farms, towns and supplies to break the Confederacy’s ability to fight

What was Sherman’s March to the Sea

A destructive march through Georgia that crushed Confederate morale and resources

Why was Lincoln’s re election in 1864 significant

It showed Northern commitment to unconditional victory and support for Lincoln’s leadership

How did the Civil War effectively end

General Lee surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox in April 1865

What did the Thirteenth Amendment achieve

It permanently abolished slavery everywhere in the United States

Why was the Thirteenth Amendment needed even after the Emancipation Proclamation

The Proclamation only freed slaves in Confederate territory and could be reversed without an amendment

How did Union victories help pass the Thirteenth Amendment

Military success strengthened political support for total abolition

How did Lincoln influence the passing of the Thirteenth Amendment

He pushed Congress to pass it, arguing it was a moral and political necessity

What shift in public opinion supported the Thirteenth Amendment

Growing Northern belief that slavery must end and recognition of African Americans’ contribution to the war

How did the Thirteenth Amendment shape post war America

It made freedom a permanent part of the Constitution and laid the foundation for Reconstruction

How did the Thirteenth Amendment prevent slavery from returning

It created a legal guarantee that permanently ended slavery nationwide

How did the Thirteenth Amendment support future civil rights

It provided the basis for later civil rights laws and constitutional protections

How was the Union restored after the war

The Union defeated the Confederacy, placed Southern states under military occupation and preserved the nation

How did Union victory redefine the United States

It reshaped the country as a unified nation based on freedom and national unity

What was Lincoln’s Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction in 1863

A Reconstruction plan offering pardons to Southerners who took a loyalty oath and accepted the end of slavery

What was the Ten Percent Plan

A state could form a new loyal government when ten percent of its 1860 voters took a loyalty oath

Who was excluded from Lincoln’s automatic pardons

High ranking Confederate leaders and top officials

What were the aims of Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan

To encourage Southerners to abandon the Confederacy, make reunion peaceful, shorten the war and weaken Confederate morale

How did Lincoln’s plan attempt to weaken the Confederacy

By offering Southerners an easy path back to the Union, making rebellion less appealing

What new governments were created under Lincoln’s plan

Loyal governments in Louisiana, Arkansas and Tennessee

Why did Radical Republicans oppose Lincoln’s plan

They believed it was too forgiving and wanted stricter terms for the South and more protection for freed people

How did Lincoln’s plan create conflict between branches of government

It sparked disagreements between Lincoln and Congress over who controlled Reconstruction

What major debate did Lincoln’s plan reveal about Reconstruction

Whether the South should be reunited quickly with forgiveness or forced to undergo deeper social and political change

Why was Lincoln’s Amnesty Proclamation significant

It was the first major Reconstruction plan and showed Lincoln prioritised reconciliation and quick healing

How did Lincoln’s plan affect the Confederacy during the war

It weakened morale by offering a realistic alternative to continuing the fight

What overall transformation was achieved by emancipation and Union victory

The Union was preserved, slavery was destroyed and America entered a new era based on freedom and national unity