Ancient Egypt: Gender and Material Culture

Nile river

Civilization was founded since water is an important source of life 

Greek, one has hieroglyphics

Rosetta stone has written languages one side has

Greek language

Hieroglyphics comes from

masculinity or femininity

clothing was designed to emphasize

kilts

in the Old kingdom, men wore

prosperous

knee length kilts meaning

dignity, respect, very important person

long kilts meaning

Hapi

god, personification of Nile River, explains harvesting seasons

sheaths

Old Kingdom women wore

5-10%

what percentage of Egypt were Elite?

could read and write, Priests, Government officials

Elites of Egypt

Could command the military

Elites of Egypt (2)

working class

majority of Egyptian population

Fishermen and Farmers

working class including

Slaves

25% of Egyptian population

wars(prisoners of war)

slave population increased because of

Great Pyramids, canals

Slaves worked on

Egypt

first example of patriarchy

patriarchy

Society is structured to place men in positions of power

pregnant

 A man is criticized if he cannot make his wife

 arouser for a man and the vessel for the mans child

Women are only viewed as the

socially and economically exiled

Women became

shops and be in the economy

Woman could run

single mothers

Women who were divorced became

less ability to take care of family

Mothers had more responsibility and

not acceptable, “gay” did not exist back then

Homosexuality in ancient egypt

two servants but had a lot of privilege

Niankhkhnum and Khnumhotep

the creators in society.

Men are considered

as a male god

The earth is viewed

Hatshepsut

Which women leader wore a beard?

“Turin Erotic Papyrus”

Women were meant to be pretty and wear jewelry and makeup meanwhile male appearance didnt matter as much

Androgyny

was popular amongst the gods. Male kings took on the name of female goddesses, the living embodiment of many living gods. Gender was fluid

Eunuchs

castrated males in society, used as servants, deemed as a separate gender in society. Closest example as a third gender in this society

Pharaoh

head of government, the king, considered a god or many gods

Vizier

Prime minister. Handles politics on behalf of the pharaoh

Vizier amount of power

good relationship with king

Priests

worshipped the pharaoh directly, worked on behalf of the pharaoh. A normal person would go to the priest

polytheistic

Egyptians are

polytheistic definition

worship many gods, more than one god. Over 22,000 gods and goddesses 

married

King had to be

fertility process, companion of the pharaoh

the queen was viewed as a part of

sacred spaces, could participate in rituals 

Queen had access to

Nemes

masculine headdress for rulers

trade routes, commissioned major building projects, participated in warfare

What are some stuff Hatshepsut accomplished