Chapter 16 flash cards

Carvel

A small, fast Spanish or Portuguese sailing ship of the 15th -17th centuries.

Cash crop

Agricultural crops that are planted for the purpose of selling the market or for export to make profit, as distinguished from subsistence crops planted for the purpose of self-supply of the farmer.

Christopher Columbus

An Italian explorer who stumbled upon the Americans and whose journeys marked the beginning of centuries of transatlantic colonization

Columbian Exchange

The Columbian exchange, also known as the Columbian interchange, was the widespread transfer of plants, animals, precious metals, commodities, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas.

Conquistadors

One of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century

Creoles

A person of mixed European and black descent, especially in the Caribbean

Francisco Pizarro

Was an explorer, soldier and conquistador best known for conquering the Incas and executing their leader, Atahuaplo

Hernan Cortes

Was a central figure in the military, political, and economic colonization of Mesoamerica in the 16th century, and most notable for his role in the destruction of the Aztec Empire in 1521

Jacques Cartier

French explorer who explored the St. Lawrence river and laid claim to the region for France ( 1491-1557.)

Jamestown

In 1607, 104 English men and boys arrived in North America to start a settlement. On May 13 they picked Jamestown, Virginia for their settlement, which was named after their King, James I.

John Cabot

Italian explorer and navigator who was among the first to think of sailing westward to reach the riches of Asia.

Lima

The capital of Peru, lies on the country's arid Pacific coast.

Mestizos

A man of mixed race, especially one having Spanish and indigenous descent

New Amsterdam

Was a 17th century Dutch settlement established at eh southern tip of Manhattan Island that served as the seat of the colonial government in New Netherland.

New France

Was the area colonized by France in North America beginning with the exploration of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.

Northwest passage

Historical sea passage of the NorthAmerican continent.

Smallpox

An acute contagious viral disease, with fever and pustules usually leaving permanent scars.

Transatlantic Slave trade

Involved the transportation by slave traders of enslaved African people, mainly to the Americas.

Treaty of Tordesillas

An agreement between Spain and Portugal dividing the rights to colonize all lands outside of Europe.

Viceroys

One who rules a country or province as the representatives of his sovereign or king and who is empowered to act in the sovereign's name