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Toussaint Louverture
Leader of the Haitian Revolution and military strategist.
Saint-Domingue
Wealthy French colony, site of the Haitian Revolution.
Enslaved Population
90% of Saint-Domingue's population were enslaved individuals.
The Atlantic World
Era of revolutionary ideas influencing the Americas.
American Revolution
1776 uprising promoting liberty and equality concepts.
French Revolution
1789 uprising challenging monarchies and promoting rights.
Birth and Background
Born circa 1743 on a plantation in Saint-Domingue.
Influences
Catholicism and Enlightenment thinkers shaped his vision.
Freedom
Gained freedom in his 30s, worked as manager.
Haitian Revolution
1791-1804 struggle leading to abolition of slavery.
Initial Revolts
1791 uprising inspired by the French Revolution.
Emergence as a Leader
1793-1794 period where Toussaint united rebel factions.
Military Success
Defeated Spanish and British forces in Saint-Domingue.
Governance Policy
Transformed plantation system into paid labor system.
1801 Constitution
Banned slavery, established equality, declared Governor for Life.
Guerrilla Tactics
Used terrain for ambushes against larger armies.
Adaptability
Shifted alliances to achieve emancipation and autonomy.
Napoleon's Plans
Sought to restore French control and slavery in 1802.
Scorched-Earth Tactics
Destroyed plantations to hinder French forces' resources.
Capture and Deportation
Betrayed, arrested, and deported to France in 1802.
Emancipation
Ensured permanent abolition of slavery in Saint-Domingue.
Symbol of Resistance
Icon for freedom movements globally after his death.
Impact on the World
Inspired abolition movements and reshaped geopolitical dynamics.
Visionary Leadership
Believed in equality and self-governance for former slaves.
Charismatic Leader
Inspired loyalty and unity among diverse factions.
Pragmatic Governance
Prioritized colony's survival over popular decisions.
Authoritarian Style
Governed with extensive powers, limited dissent.
Economic Stability Challenge
Balancing plantation production with former slaves' aspirations.
Colonial Opposition
Faced threats from European powers against independence.
Internal Divisions
Maintained unity among diverse population through diplomacy.
