unit 4 AOS 1

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76 Terms

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NREM what does EOG, EMG and EEG show
lower electrical activity in the brain, decreasing electrical activity of skeletal muscles hoowever can still be present, lower activity of eye muscles controlling movement
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if a person has ASPD what time will they fall asleep?
6-8pm
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how long a microsleeps
3-15 seconds
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partial sleep deprivation behavioural effects
slowed reaction times, clumsiness, risk taking behaviour
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consciousness
is the awareness of our own thoughts, feelings and perceptions, is a psychological construct
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normal waking consciousness
is the state of consciousness we experience when we are awake and aware of our thoughts
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altered states of consciousness
is the state of consciousness that deviates from NWC in terms of awareness
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psychological construct
constructs are ways to describe patterns of behaviour so that they can be explored
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EEG
detects, amplifies and records the electrical activity of the brain in the form of brainwave patterns
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frequency
refers to the number of brain waves per second
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amplititude
measured in microvolts and can be judged by the size of the peaks
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beta
awake, alert and focused , frequency- highest amplitude- lowest
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alpha
lower alertness (awake but relaxed) , frequency- high, amplitude - low
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theta
low alertness (light sleep), frequency-low, amplitude-high
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delta
lowest alertness (deep N3 sleep ) frequency - lowest, amplitude - highest
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EMG
detects, amplifies and records the electrical activity of the skeletal muscles that control body movement
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EOG
detects, amplifies and records the electrical activity of the muscles that surround the eye and control eye movement
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sleep diaries
a subjective, self report tool used by a person to track their own sleep and wake patterns
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sleep diaries can both be qualitive and quantative such as
the time when trying to fall asleep and how well rested the individual feels upon awakening
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video monitoring
can be both objective and subjective depending on what you are measuring
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circadian rhythym
is a biological rhythym that occurs approximately once every 24 hours such as the sleep - wake cycle
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circadian rhythum is often stimulated by
light and darkness
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suprarchiasmistic nucleus
considered to be the master biological clock that regulates the timing and activity of the sleep - wake cycle, controls the production of the hormone melatonin which causes sleepiness bu responding to light by signalling to the pineal gland to supress the release of melatonin.
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melatonin
is the sleep hormone that causes sleepiness and is released from the pineal gland
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melatnon is released when it is
dark and decreases its production when it is light
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sleep cycle
90 minutes
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NREM sleep
non rapid eye movment, about 80% of sleep is NREM repsonsible for body recovery and replenshing of neurotransmitters
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NREM 1
drifting in and out of true sleep where we gradually lose awareness. hypnic jerks may occur due to sudden relaxation
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NREM 2
light sleep but you are now considered to be truly asleep
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NREM 3
deep sleep where you are harder to wake up and are less repsonsive to the outside worl. This is due to the presence of slow wave sleep delta waves start iccuring with their low frequency and high ampitude, only lasts for 3 cycles
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REM
rapid eve movement, about 20% of sleep is a deep stage, majority of dreaming occurs, responsible for the consolidation of memories throiugh strengthening neural connections
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sleep patterns as we age
* total amount of sleep decreases -
* total of NREM 3 stage decrease
* more awakenings during the night from adulthood to elderly
* proportion of REM sleep decreases
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partial sleep deprivation
having less than the normal amount of required slepp (poor quantity sleep) or are deprived of one particular stage of sleep (poor quality sleep)
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total sleep deprivation
going without sleep for at least 24 hours
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chronic sleep deprivation
not having enough sleep over an extended period of time
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partial sleep deprivation effects affective effects
irritability, confusion and lack of motivation
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partial sleep deprivation cognitive effects
shorter concentration span, difficulty making decisions, difficulty performing simple tasks
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partial sleep deprivation physiological effects
hand tremors, headaches, slurred speech
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effects of chronic sleep deprivation
depression, anxiety disorders, heart disease
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effects of total sleep deprivation
experiences microsleeps, hallucinations, depersonalisation, paranoia
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sleep dept
that is owed and made up for
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does one need to fully catch up on the complete hours of sleep lost?
no
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a BAC is 0.05 it is equivalent to …
a cognitive impairment of someone who has been sleep deprived for 17-19 hours
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a BAC is 0.10 is equivalent to
a cognitive impairment of someone that has been sleep deprived for 24-28 hours
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delayed sleep phase syndrome
when the sleep episode is delayed in relation to the desired sleep time
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delayed sleep phase syndrome symptoms
sleep onset insomia, difficulty awakening at the desired time, excessive sleepiness
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delayed sleep phase syndrome causes
lifestyle factors, poor sleep habits and shift work
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advanced sleep phase disorder
major sleep episode occurs earlier compared to conventional sleep times
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ASPD symptoms
daytime sleepiness, early morning insomia,
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the link bettween ASPD and old age
age related deterioration in the biological clock regulating the sleep-wake cycle
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shift work
occurs due to a work schedule such as the night shift those undertaking shift work are more likely to develop a circadian rhythm sleep disorder
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bright light therapy
uses high intensity light to advance or delay sleep involves the use of a light therapy box or lamp that emits very bright levels of light, this light will supress melatonin release promoting wakefulness
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sleep hygiene
healthy habits/practises that tend to improve and mantain a good quality of sleep as well as sleep onset
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zeitgebers
are external/enviormental time cues that can influence circadian rhythym, they assist with syncing our body clock to the natural enviroment
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blue light is made up of…
short, high energy waves
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blue light is emitted by…- and acts as a zeitgerber
elctronic products, LED and fluroscent light it delays/reduces production of melatnonin and decrease sleepiness affecting sleep quality and quantity, prolonging sleep onset
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daylight
influences our circadian sleep - wake cycle become closely sychronized with sunrise and sunset keeping us awake during the day by signalling to the SCN to cease melatonin production, melatonin is the hormone causing sleepiness
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temperature
should ensure that the temperature of one’s room is not too hot (between 17 - 19 degrees, which helps one sleep as the core body temperature needs to drop 1-2 degrees to allow sleep onset.
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mental wellbeing
refers to an individual’s psychological state, including their ability to think, process info and regulate emotions
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managing shift owrk disorders
have two major sleep episode instead of one, keep rooms dark and temperature controlled for sleep periods and rotate shift work schedules
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sleep
is a naturally occuring and reversible altered state of consciousness characterised by a reduction in awareness and responsiveness to external surroundings
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measuring physiological responspes of sleep
EMG, EOG, EEG
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sleep phenonema such as sleepwalking and sleep inertia is likely to occur during which stage of sleep?
NREM 3
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REM rebound
the significantly larger amount of time spent in REM sleep than usual that follows a period of being deprived of REM sleep
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how long is sleep delayed in DSPS
about 2 or more hours
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how does sleep affect mental well being
sleep helps maintain cognitive skills such as concentration, learning and memory- poor sleep can cause affect mood, cognitive thinking and ability to cope with stressors
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how does eating and drinking patterns act as a zeitgerber
by consuming large amounts of food/drink just before sleep can impact digestion and promote wakefulness as the bodty finds it more difficult to sleep with a full stomach
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why is DSPS common in adolescence?
adolescent hormonal changes as melatonin released up to 2 hours later than adults
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good sleep hygiene practises
\-establish a regular relaxing sleep schedule and bedtime routine - associate your bed with bedroom with sleep only
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infant sleep
16 hours , 50% REM 50% NREM
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young child
10-12 hours
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adolescence
8-10 hours
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adult
7-9 hours
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eldery
6-8 hours
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REM what does EOG, EEG and EMG show
\-Higher electrical activity of the brain

\-High electrical activity in eye muscles controlling movement

\-Low electrical activity of skeletal muscles
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ultradian rhythym
is a biological rhythym that is shorter than 24 hours e.g sleep cycle