Hist. q. chp. 1-2

When did Christopher Columbus voyage to the Americas?

1492

What happened on 1517?

Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses 2 Wittenberg’s church door

What did the Protestant Reformation emphasize?

Primacy of Scripture over traditions set by Catholic Church; they dom. Midd. Ages

Ulrich Zwingli

lived: Zurich Switzer., supported by town council, collab w/ council = rift w/ his followers, ogly wanted 2 purify church of stuff not ordained

Infant baptism

counts citizens/ birth certif., gov relied on it 2 track citizens, = church emphasis & control over gov, Zwingli followers thought unbiblical

When did the Anabaptist movement begin?

Jan 21 1525

re-baptizers

critics wanting adult baptism 4 profession of faith, idea grew in Euro., 1st on 1527 (Schleitheim Confession)

1st Key Doctrinal Statement of Schleitheim Confession

Baptism - rite reserved 4 those who have made conscious decision 2 follow Jesus

2nd Key Doctrinal Statements of the Schleitheim Confession

The Ban – 2 enact church discipline local church had right 2 exclude errant members from participation in Communion (Matt. 18:15-17)

3rd Key Doctrinal Statements of the Schleitheim Confession

Communion – memorial act (versus sacramental) intended only 4 baptized believers in good standing w/ church

4th Key Doctrinal Statements of the Schleitheim Confession

Separation from World – believers make effort 2 separate from sinful associations & behaviors by not being un=ly yoked w/ unbelievers or participatin in government

5th Key Doctrinal Statements of the Schleitheim Confession

Calling of Pastors – local church rather than hierarchal body of gov was responsible 4 callin its own ministers

6th Key Doctrinal Statements of the Schleitheim Confession

The Sword – Christians should abstain from violence on persona or gov level; Anabaptists argued the state was an institution of authorized violence & Christians who r told 2 not resist an evil person couldnt hold political office

7th Key Doctrinal Statements of the Schleitheim Confession

The Oath – Christians should not swear oaths as Christ forbade Christians 2 in Sermon on the Mt

Who were Anabaptists persecuted by?

Catholic Church & other Protestants

What did Anabaptists believe?

church should b independent gov control or association; religious freedom 4 all 2 protect integrity of church as sanctified body of believers dedicated 2 followin Christ

Have governments always existed?

Yes (tribal, feudal,oligarchies,aristocracies,monarchies, democracies,& republics)

European colonization

Spanish colonies: directly funded by gov, authoritarian gov; English colonies: preferred “hands-off” style

Plymouth Colony – 1620

Protestants who sought separ from state-sponsored Church of England (thought it “too Catholic”); b4 leavin agreed 2 submit 2 gov 2 b founded later in doc known as “Mayflower Compact”

Massachusetts Bay Colony – 16208

Founded by Puritan Christians seeking religious liberty; sought 2 form ideal Christian society as model 4 others

Many colonies founded for religious liberty for Christians like…

Maryland, Pennsylvania, & Georgia

Rhode Island and Providence Plantations – 1636

Founded as haven 4 all religious dissidents; Founded by exiles incl. Roger Williams (former member of Massachusetts Bay Colony); didnt ascribe 2 any particular religion; allowed all religious practitioners & atheists

Three basic models among colonies

Royal Colony: Governor appointed by & responsible 2 King (Virginia & Massachusetts); Proprietary Colony: Charter granted 2 individs of high rank rather than company (Pennsylvania William Penn grantee); Charter Colony:self-gov, can elect gov officials

Colonial governments used a similar model when passing law

Franchise – right 2 vote – elected members of colonial legislature; Legislatures pass laws 4 colony; required assent of governor 2 become law; Modeled after British Parliament; model 4 US Constitution

1754

French & Indian War/ 7 yrs war; Royal Proclamation of 1763 made demarcation forbidding settlement west of line 4 Natives - made colonists angry

Brit. Prime Minister George Grenvillle

wanted 2 recoup gov loses through tax on colonists (sugar & stamp act); Colonists protested tax (“No taxation without representation”); back 2 England & wanted Parliament seats but seen as overreach by Parliament 4 more power

Sons of Liberty

led by Samuel Adams, organized demos, boycotts, & violence vs those enforcing new taxes

Stamp Act Congress

Wrote “Declaration of Rights & Grievances”; urged Parliament 2 repeal Stamp Act (they did); Parliament implemented Declaratory Act giving them right 2 tax colonists

1767

Parliament passed Townshend Acts; taxes on imported goods thought colonists would be less opposed bc theyre not taxing goods made in colonies

March 1770

the “Boston Massacre”; Brit soldiers fired in2 crowd; became rallying cry

Committees of Correspondence

helped coordinate opposition vs Brit gov; led 2 infamous Boston Tea Party in 1773

Intolerable Acts

Removed most of Massachusetts’ political autonomy; closed Boston’s port til E India Co was compensated 4 loss of the tea; quartering of soldiers; prohibited by English Bill of Rights; inspired fear

First Continental Congress 1774

Attended by nearly all colonies; GA excepted;

1775

Massachusetts declared 2 b in state of rebellion; Brit gov set up martial law; colonists formed militias & stockpiled weapons; Concord, Massachusetts – Paul Revere’s ride – “the Shot Heard Around the World”; Brit officials began seizing colonists’ weapons; faced resistance @ concord

Second Continental Congress

Incl GA; wanted 2 raise volunteer army; colonists still not seeking independence from Brit gov; saw themselves as resisting Parliament not the King; drafted “Olive Branch Petition” that appealed 2 King George III, he rejected it issuing “Proclamation of Rebellion” vs all colonies

Thomas Paine’s “Common Sense”

argued independence was only course of action that colonies could take

Thomas Jefferson and the Declaration of Independence

Approved July 1776 by Continental Congress; listed 27 grievances vs King most related 2 Intolerable Acts; “We hold these truths 2 b self-evident that all men r created = …”

1775 – 1783

Revolutionary War; US achieved its independence when recognized as independent state by Britain by Treaty of Paris in 1783; 1st gov establishing document – Articles of Confederation ratified in 1781