EDN Module II: Philippine Disaster Risk Profile

World Risk Index

organization that calculates the disaster risk for 193 countries

46.91

disaster risk index of PH

PH, Indonesia, India

top 3 countries with highest disaster risk index

3 years

PH is on the top for highest risk index for

41.13

disaster risk index of Indonesia

40.96

disaster risk index of India

Eurasian and Pacific plates

Where does the PH situated with extensive fault lines generate an average of 20 quakes per day, mostly minor ones

Pacific Ring of Fire

300 volcanoes

• 22 as active

• 27 are potentially active

• 3 are closely monitored

Typhoon Belt

Average of 18-22 typhoons a year; its 289 kms. of coastline exposed to storm surges, tsunami, and sea level rise

• Unplanned and unregulated development ventures (housing, mining, illegal fish ponds)

• Informal settlers living in waterways

• Denuded forest due to illegal logging, leading to soil erosion

• Poor waste management

• Effects of El Nino and La Nina can cause inundations, landslides, and drought which affects food security and energy

Reasons why flooding is a perennial problem (5)

0.01 degrees Celsius per year

increasing temperatures trend in current climate change

1971-2000

domestic water supply

irrigation

hydropower generation

watersheds

fishery

flood control operations

Climate change projections from 2020 to 2050 would impact

Philippine ecosystem

Climate change is expected to further aggravate the present condition of

Human security

threatened due to increased disaster risks

PHILIPPINE DISASTER RISK REDUCTION MANAGEMENT (DRRM) SYSTEM

• Philippines was the first in Asia to have enacted its own disaster risk reduction and management

• Provided a paradigm shift from disaster relief and response —> disaster risk reduction and management

National DRRM Framework

a conceptual paradigm on how “whole of society” can works towards “Safer, adaptive and disaster-resilient Filipino communities towards sustainable development.”

RA 10121

• Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction Management Act of 2010

• Strengthening the Philippine disaster risk reduction and management system, providing for the National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council as the head agency (NDRRMC) and institutionalizing the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management plan from national to local levels.

• Law that requires the country’s government and its citizens to be prepared for disaster

• There shall be a DRRM Council for each region

National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council

head agency during disasters

National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management plan

In RA 10121, what did they institutionalize from national to local levels

Secretary of the Department of National Defense (DND)

Usual chairperson of NDRRMC

Reports to the president

Roles of NDRRMC

• Develop vertical and horizontal coordination mechanism

• Formulate national agenda for institutional capability building and disaster plans

• Initiate research and technology development

• Task the Office of Civil Defense to conduct periodic assessment and performance of member agencies

• Coordinate the implementation of the country’s obligation with disaster management treaties.

vertical and horizontal

coordination mechanism that NDRRMC

Office of Civil Defense

conducts periodic assessment and performance of member agencies

LGU (Local Government Units)

Provincial to brgy level are mandated to form and operate DRRM council

local disaster risk reduction and management plan

Each office (DRRM council office - regional, provincial, etc.) must come up with this

Covers aspects of disaster preparedness, response, prevention and mitigation, and rehabilitation and recovery

Barangay Development Council

scope and activation of DRRM council if one barangay is affected

City/Municipal DRRMC

scope and activation of DRRM council if two or more barangays are affected

Provincial DRRMC

scope and activation of DRRM council if two or more cities/municipalities are affected

Regional DRRMC

scope and activation of DRRM council if two or more provinces are affected

National DRRMC

scope and activation of DRRM council if two or more regions are affected

INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM

It is a standardized approach, on scene, all risk incident management concept to the command, control and coordination of emergency response

INCIDENT COMMANDER

The person in charge of the incident

Must be fully qualified for the incident

DepEd – Department of Education

Incident Command System applied in the DOH Response Structure

Education

DFA – Department of Foreign Affairs

Incident Command System applied in the DOH Response Structure

International Health Regulations

Department of Health

Incident Command System applied in the DOH Response Structure

Health (MPH, MHPPS, NE, WASH)

OCD – Office of Civil Defense

Incident Command System applied in the DOH Response Structure

Logistics

DILG – Department of Interior and Local Government

Incident Command System applied in the DOH Response Structure

Management of the Dead and Missing

DSWD – Department of Social Welfare and Development

Incident Command System applied in the DOH Response Structure

Food, Protection

DND-AFP– Department of National Defense - Armed Forces of the Philippines

Incident Command System applied in the DOH Response Structure

Search, Rescue, and Retrieval

DILG-PNP – Department of the Interior and Local Government - Philippine National Police

Incident Command System applied in the DOH Response Structure

Peace and order

Secretary

Incident Command System applied in the DOH Response Structure

DOH —→

DOH-CHDs – Department of Health - Centers for Health Development

Incident Command System applied in the DOH Response Structure

under this are the LGUs and LGU hospitals

Health Emergency Management Bureau

Incident Command System applied in the DOH Response Structure

HEMB

• Public Information Officer

• Safety Officer

• Liaison Officer

Command staff of ICS

• Operations

• Planning

• Logistics

• Finance/Admin

General staff of ICS

Incident Command

aka Leader

Sets objectives and priorities

Has overall responsibility at the incident or event

Planning

aka Thinker

Develops the action plan to accomplish the objectives

Collects and Evaluates information

Maintains resource status

Operations

aka Doers

Conducts tactical operations to carry out the plan

Develops the tactical objectives

Organizes and directs all resources

Logistics

aka Getters

Provides support to meet incident needs

Provides resources and all other services needed to support the incident

Finance/Admin

aka Payers

Monitors costs related to incident

Provides accounting

Records procurement time

Provides cost analysis

Medical and Public Health

Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)

Nutrition

Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS)

Essential Health Packages of DOH

Medical and Public Health

Treatment of Injuries and Diseases, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health, Sexual Reproductive Health (SRH)

Nutrition

Nutrition in Emergencies (NIE)

Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS)

Psychological First Aid

DISASTER PREPAREDNESS PLANNING

• Each community/institution is advised to develop a Disaster Risk Reduction Management

• Team that focuses on:

  • Disaster Prevention

  • Risk Mitigation

  • Disaster Preparedness Program and Plan

• Leadership/Governance

• Financing

• Logistics/Technology/Infrastructures

• Health Workforce

• Information

• System

Health system components

Kaligtasang Pangkalusugan sa Kalamidad sa Kamayng Komunidad

5Ks in DOH vision: Disaster Safety that starts in the hands of the community

HAZARD

• A source of danger; potential threat to public safety

• A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage.

• Examples: Volcanoes, Tsunami, Typhoons, Civil Unrest, Chemicals, Drought, Wildfire, Pandemic

EMERGENCY

An actual threat to public safety and/or public health

Complex Emergencies

situations of disrupted livelihoods and threats to life produced by warfare, civil disturbance and large-scale movements of people in which any emergency response has to be conducted in a difcult political and security environment.

• Biological

• Geophysical

• Climatological

• Hydrological

• Meterological

Types of natural hazards

• Nuclear

• Technological

• Chemical

Types of human-induced hazards

biological hazard

epidemic, insect infestation, animal stampede

Geophysical hazard

earthquake, volcanic eruption, mass movement (dry)

hydrological hazard

flood, mass movement (wet)

meterological hazard

storm, cyclone, hurricane, tornado

climatological hazard

extreme temperatures, heat/cold wave, drought, fire (bush, forest, land)

• Earthquake

• Fire

• Flooding

• Typhoon/storm surges

• Pandemic/epidemics

• Drugs

• Bomb

• Landslide

• Tsunami

• Drought

• Human-induced (terrorism, strikes, protests)

11 identified hazards of NCR

RISKS

• The combination of the probability of an event and its negative consequences

• The potential CONSEQUENCES of EXPOSURE to a hazard

• Examples: predetermined medical conditions, breakdown of security, damage to infrastructures

VULNERABILITY

• The characteristics and circumstances of a community or system, that makes it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard exposing to risks

• Ex: Access to health care, poverty, lack of access to safe water, unsafe infrastructure, illiteracy, environmental degradation, unskilled health workforce

COMMUNITY

• Group of people who, regardless of the diversity of their backgrounds, have been able to accept and transcend their differences, enabling them to communicate effectively and openly, and to work together towards goals identified as being for the common good

• Consists of the PEOPLE, their PROPERTY, SERVICES, LIVELIHOOD, & ENVIRONMENT

CAPACITY

The combination of all the strengths, attributes and resources available within an organization, community or society to manage and reduce disaster risks and strengthen resilience (UNISDR, 2015)

Ability of coping and responding to reduce loss

• Hazard

• Vulnerability

• Risk

• Capacity

Assessment in disaster planning

• Identify

• Assess

• Control

• Review

What to do with risk in risk management

EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS

The knowledge and capacities developed by governments, professional response and recovery organizations, communities and individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from, the impacts of likely, imminent or current hazard events or conditions during extreme emergencies and disasters.

PREVENTION

In emergency preparedness, there are the activities and measures to avoid existing and new disaster risks

MITIGATION

In emergency preparedness, this is the lessening or minimizing the adverse impacts of a hazardous event

EMERGENCY AND DISASTER PREPAREDNESS PLAN

• A formal plan of action usually prepared in written form for coordination during the event of a disaster within the institution or the surrounding community.

• An important tool in the process of building capacity

DISASTER

Result of the combination of the: exposure to a hazard; the conditions of vulnerability that are present; insufcient capacity or measures to reduce or cope with the potential negative consequences

𝐻𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟𝑑 × 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 × 𝑉𝑢𝑙𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 over 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦

formula for risk

RESPONSE

The provision of emergency services and public assistance during or immediately after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety and meet subsistence needs of the people affected

• Alarm Phase

• Work/Implementing Phase

• Let Down Phase

Phases of Disaster Response

ALARM PHASE

It is concerned with the immediate activation of adequate and appropriate resources

LAST

acronym for WORK OR IMPLEMENTING PHASE

Locate

WORK OR IMPLEMENTING PHASE

Determine where the victims are

Access

WORK OR IMPLEMENTING PHASE

The situation of victims/ place of disaster

Stabilize

WORK OR IMPLEMENTING PHASE

Manage victims with life-threatening injuries

Transport

WORK OR IMPLEMENTING PHASE

Transfer victims to medical facilities

LET DOWN PHASE

Commences after the work completed, all personnel must recover from the stress of the disaster

RECOVERY

It is the restoration and improvement of appropriate facilities, livelihoods, and living conditions of disaster-affected communities, including efforts to reduce disaster risk factors.

Building back better

• Reflect back

• Environmental Scan

• Prioritize where to go and focus resources in the future to achieve mission (Mission, Vision, Goal, Objectives, Strategies, Action Plan)

• Develop the Strategic Plan for Health Emergency Management

4 STEPS IN DISASTER RISK REDUCTION MANAGEMENT PLAN

See one, treat one, save one

BIOETHICS IN EMERGENCY AND DISASTER / TRAUMA CARE