AP Government Review: Amendments, Checks, and Ideology

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the 27 Amendments, Checks and Balances, Bureaucratic powers, legislative margins, and various political ideologies including Liberal, Conservative, and Libertarian views.

1st Amendment

Free Speech/Press/Petition/ Free Exercise of Religion

2nd Amendment

Right to Bear Arms

3rd Amendment

No Quartering of Soldiers

4th Amendment

No Unreasonable Searches and Seizures

5th Amendment

Cannot be forced to incriminate yourself/ no double jeopardy/eminent domain

6th Amendment

Right to a lawyer/fair trial/speedy trial/right to confront witnesses against you

7th Amendment

Citizens have the right to a jury trial in federal non-criminal cases

8th Amendment

No cruel and unusual punishment/unreasonable bail

9th Amendment

Just because it is not mentioned in the Constitution does not mean we don't have that right

10th Amendment

All powers not given to the national government go to the states

11th Amendment

Citizens cannot sue a state in federal court without the state's permission.

12th Amendment

Separate electoral college ballots for President and Vice President

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery

14th Amendment

Reiterated citizenship for freed slaves/privileges and immunities clause/due process clause/equal protection clause

15th Amendment

All males could vote

16th Amendment

Congress can levy an income tax

17th Amendment

Senators now elected by the people of the state NOT legislatures

18th Amendment

Prohibition of alcohol

19th Amendment

Women's suffrage (women could now vote)

20th Amendment

Moved up the time national office holders take office/if something happens to Pres., VP takes over

21st Amendment

Repealed prohibition

22nd Amendment

Limited the president's terms to two $4$ year terms (max. of $10$ years)

23rd Amendment

Gave D.C. three electoral votes

24th Amendment

Abolished poll taxes

25th Amendment

Procedures for if the Pres becomes unfit for duty

26th Amendment

$18$ year olds can vote

27th Amendment

Congress cannot increase their pay in the same term

Bully pulpit

An executive branch tool involving appealing directly to the people

Judicial review

The power of the Judicial Branch to check both the Legislative and Executive Branches

Bureaucratic discretion

The power given to agencies by Congress to implement laws using their expert judgement

Bureaucratic rulemaking

The process by which agencies create regulations necessary to carry out laws made by Congress; these regulations have the same effect as laws

Veto Override Margin

$3$ majority in the House of Representatives and $\frac{3}{4}$ majority in the Senate

Treaty Ratification Margin

$\frac{1}{2}$ majority in the Senate

Impeachment (Accusation) Margin

A simple majority (half plus one) in the House of Representatives

Impeachment Conviction Margin

$\frac{3}{4}$ majority in the Senate

Federal Court Nominee Elevation Margin

A simple majority in the Senate

Presidential Election Margin

A simple majority of $270$ electoral votes

Amendment Proposal Margin

$\frac{2}{3}$ majority in both houses of congress or if $\frac{2}{3}$ of state legislatures request a convention

Amendment Ratification Margin

$\frac{3}{4}$ of states

Political ideology

A collection of beliefs about morality, economics, efficiency, how society should function, and the proper role of government

Party platform

A compilation of the policy positions the party favors, which reflect its ideology

Liberal ideology

Belief that government should regulate the economy and provide social services, but refrain from regulating moral issues in most private matters

Conservative ideology

Belief that government should play a minimal role in the economy and society, but has an important role in regulating moral issues to uphold traditional beliefs

Libertarian ideology

Opposes government regulation of both economic activity and personal choices, prioritizing individual liberty as the highest value

Political culture

The broadly shared set of political values, beliefs, and norms held within a society

Political socialization

The process by which individuals within a society acquire their political values and opinions via agents like family, education, and the media