GLASS

glass

is the name given to any amorphous(non-crystalline) solid that displays a glass transition near its melting point.

Amorphous or non-crystalline solid

in condensed matter physics and materials science, is a solid that lacks the long-range order, which is a characteristic of a crystal.

amorphous solid

term was used synonymously with glass

formers, fluxes, stabilizers

3 categories of substances are in all glass

Formers

makes up the bulk of the glass, silicon dioxide in the form of sand is the most common

Fluxes

–changes the temperature at which the formers melt during the manufacturing of glass, uses sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate

Stabilizers

–strengthen the glass and make it resistant to water, calcium carbonate is the most frequently used

oxides

The raw materials for making glass are all

soda-lime, soda-lead, borosilicate, tempered, laminated

six basic types based of composition

Soda-lime

–used in plate and window glass, glass containers, and electric light bulb

Soda-lead

–used in fine tableware, and art objects

borosilicate

–heat resistant like Pyrex

Tempered

–used on side windows of cars

Laminated

–used in windshield of most cars

sheet/flat, float, laminated, shatterproof, energy efficient, wired, tinted, toughened, chromatic, extra-clean/self-cleaning, glass blocks, tempered,

TYPES OF GLASS USED IN CONSTRUCTION

Sheet glass

is produced by having molten glass pass through the rollers to manufacture a nearly flat finish; can be cut via a glass cutter and no special equipment is needed. It’s generally available in the market in a range of standard sizes/thicknesses

Sheet glass

Due to the comparatively low cost of this glass and its lack of distortion, flat glass is mainly used in glazing greenhouses and where the visual distortion isn’t an issue as opposed to domestic windows, etc

float glass

is made from sodium silicate and calcium silicate, it is also known as soda-lime glass; name suggests the method used to manufacture it, where the molten glass is floated onto a bed of molten tin. This gives us a flat, clear, distortion-free glass.

float glass

It is available in thickness ranging from 2mm to 20mm,with a weight ranging from 6 to 36 kg/m2; The functions of this type of glass include fixed & opening windows above waist height, shop fronts, as well as in public places

laminated glass

As the name refers, this glass comprises layers of ordinary glass bonded by a transparent, flexible material. As it is a sandwich made up of two or more sheets of glass

laminated glass

This type of glass is commonly UV and soundproof, which explains its applications in the construction of bridges and aquariums. It is mostly the best suited for making glass canopies as it can reduce harmful rays. This is typically 6mm toughened/2.28mm laminate/6mm toughened

2 sheets of toughened glass and laminate the middle

laminated glass is composed of:

shatterproof glass

is a type of glass that is resistant to shattering. In other words, it doesn’t break into pieces in the event of destruction; It is commonly used in windows, floors, and skylights.

plastic polyvinyl butyral resin

the addition of a ___ to prevent it from forming sharp pieces for shatterproof glass

ENERGY EFFICIENT GLASS

This type of glass building material is manufactured by glazing float glass with a special thin coating on one side

ENERGY EFFICIENT GLASS

This glazing allows solar energy to pass through in only one direction while minimizing the transfer of thermal energy in the other direction

wired glass

has a wire mesh provided in the middle portion of the structure of glass

wired glass

The main objective of the wire is to hold the glass together in the event of cracking or breaking, however, it doesn’t stop the glass from forming sharp pieces when broken; available as clear or obscured, wired glass is generally used in more industrial areas or structures such as garages

tinted glass

simply colored glass. A certain type of ion is added to the normal glass mix to produce colored glass

tinted glass

color doesn’t affect the properties of glass; For example, iron oxide gives green and Sulphur gives blue color shades in glass manufacturing

toughened glass

s used extensively throughout the industry for its ability to resist breaking, also called safety or tempered glass

toughened glass

If it breaks, it does so into much smaller called ‘safer’ pieces as opposed to large shards (like float glass)

toughened glass

is typically used in home interiors such as the kitchen (for its heat resistance), and shower screens, glass balustrade, and swimming pool fencing. It can also be utilized in laminated panels where extra safety precautions should be taken

chromatic glass

This type of glass is utilized in ICUs & meeting rooms, chromatic glass can control the transparent efficiency to protect the interior from daylight.

chromatic glass

has maybe electric lamination(electrochromic), thermos-chromatic (has heat sensitive lamination), or photochromic (has light-sensitive lamination)

EXTRA-CLEAN / SELF-CLEANING GLASS

is both photocatalytic & hydrophobic; These two unique properties make it stain-proof, resulting in an attractive appearance and easy maintenance

GLASS BLOCKS

are manufactured as two separate halves and, while the glass is still molten, these two pieces are pressed together and annealed; The resulting glass block will have a partial vacuum at the hollow center

hollow glass wall

glass blocks are also called as

GLASS BLOCKS

usually provide visual obscuration while admitting light from the outside of the room

TEMPERED GLASS

a type of safety glass manufactured with the aid of heat or chemicals used to strengthen the glass; can be up to four times stronger than typical annealed glass of the same size and thickness

TEMPERED GLASS

More tensile strength (it can bend easier without breaking) \

Wind resistance

If it breaks, tempered glass shatters into rounded cubes rather than pointy shards

commonly used in big windows, skyscrapers, automotive glass, monitor screens (on computers or phones) and in-home appliances

aluminum, pvc (polyvinyl chloride), steel, wood

COMMON FRAME MATERIALS

wood

was the most common material for glass doors and windows. It used to be treated with varnishes and paints to improve its durability. Nowadays it is still used, but it is much less common

steel

very resistant material that is often used for large windows. It is a durable and easy to clean material, but it must be treated to ensure its durability over time.

pvc (polyvinyl chloride)

is one of the most widely used materials for building doors and windows. It is a material with low thermal conductivity, its life span is long and it is totally recyclable

aluminum

its properties have made it the most widely used material for window construction. Its lightness, recyclability and long life cycle thanks to its resistance to corrosion have made it the ideal product.

sealing, hardware (channel, hinges, handles)

BASIC ELEMENTS OF DOORS AND WINDOWS

sealing

is one of the key elements of the doors and windows. Its purpose is to ensure contact between the profile and the glass, reducing the amount of air and water that can filter through the window

door and window channel

l in which the opening and closing mechanisms are inserted. The current standard size is 16 m

door and window hinges

that make it possible to open or turn the window. Depending on their characteristics, they can be adjusted laterally or vertically and can be used for internal or external opening

door and window handles

is the classic element of doors and windows. It works as a lever or handle and operates the closing and opening mechanism

textured, frosted, beveled, stained, tinted, double/triple glazing, glass block windows

TYPES AND APPLICATION OF GLASS IN DOORS AND WINDOWS

textured glass

This glass gives a stylish look with its design for your front doors and it also helps you maintain privacy; come in a variety of options including the most commonly used frosted glass. There are other designs like the ripple, glazed, beveled and the water glass

is acidly etched. This is achievable by using the corrosive hydrofluoric acid, which results in the removal of some amount of silica from the glass surface. This gives a frosted appearance with a rough surface. The Acid etching gives a frosted etched finish to the glass thus capable of producing very intricate designs.

frosted glass

This process is in vogue since the Victorian age to decorate the doors and windows of the bars and public houses to give a royal look.

beveled glass

This glass can perfectly fit as the tabletop of the dining table, door panel, coffee table or the side tables of your home. One can cut glass sides at precise angles, and polish them for smoother and thinner edges. Another feature of this glass is that the edge acts as a prism in the presence of artificial or the natural light. This is the uniqueness of this glass.

stained glass

has come to refer primarily to the glass employed in making ornamental or pictorial windows.

tinted glass

This is a special type of glass used in the doors as it contains a mixture of selective metal oxides in the making process. It controls the intensity of the natural light entering the house.

tinted glass

Nowadays, such types of glasses can protect from the harmful UV rays and the solar heat. They are perfect for the external doors for houses and offices. It is available in the shades of green, brown and grey.

DOUBLE/TRIPLE GLAZING GLASS

These glasses can create an extra thick layer that helps in reducing noise transmission. They are more energy-efficient as they allow less heat to pass through. Thus, keeping the rooms cooler in summers and warmer in winters.

glass block window

can be used as alternative to frosted glass. It can also give different pattern and texture. Although ideally applicable only for windows,

glass block window

still it is a good option for windows if you want for natural light to come in without exposing what inside the house, and at the same time achieve that decorative style to suit your design