A&P 150 Lab Exercises 1, 2, 3, 5, 6

what is the magnifying power of the ocular lens?

10x

when do you use the coarse adjustment knob?

4x objective lens only

when do you use the fine adjustment knob?

10x, 40x, and 100x

scanning objective lens

4x, scans and locates structure of interest

low power objective lens

10x, locate a specimen and is used to view specimen that does not meed high power magnification

high power objective lens

use for specimens that require higher magnification

oil immersion objective lens

100x, used for very small specimens such as bacteria and blood cells

scanning objective lens (4x)

color ring on lens: red

total magnification: 40x

adjustment knob to use: coarse

low power objective lens (10x)

color ring on lens: yellow

total magnification: 100x

adjustment knob to use: fine

high power objective lens (40x)

color ring on lens: blue

total magnification: 400x

adjustment knob to use: fine

oil-immersion objective lens (100x)

color ring on lens: white

total magnification: 1000x

adjustment knob to use: fine

when do you use lens paper when using microscope?

the objective lens and the ocular lens

when do you use kimwipes when using microscope?

before using the histology slide and after

anatomical position

body standing erect (straight) with both feet flat on the ground and toes pointed forward. The legs are extended (straight). The arms are straight down by the sides with palms forward facing and fingers straightened. Thumb is pointed away from the body, while pinky is closest to the body. Head is extended and forward facing.

superior

towards the upper portion of the body

cephalic

towards the head region

medial

towards the midline of the body

lateral

away from the midline of the body

inferior

towards the lower portion of the body

intermediate

in between 2 structures

caudal

towards the tail end of the body

anterior or ventral

towards the front of the body

posterior or dorsal

towards the back of the body

proximal

close to an origin of a structure or an attachment of a joint to the body

distal

far from an origin of a structure or an attachment of a joint to the body

superficial

near the surface of the skin

deep

away from the surface of the skin

ipsilateral

on the same side of the body or midline

contralateral

on the opposite side of the body or midline

abdominal

abdomen

acromial

point of shoulder

antebrachial

forearm

axillary

arm pit

antecubital

anterior surface of the elbow

brachial

arm

buccal

cheek

calcaneal

heel

carpal

wrist

cephalic

head

cervical

anterior neck

clavicular

collarbone

coxal

hip

crural

anterior leg (shin)

digits

fingers and toes

dorsum of the foot

top of the foot

dorsum of the hand

back of hand

femoral

thigh

frontal

forehead

gluteal

buttocks

inguinal

groin

lumbar

lower back

mammary

breast

manual

hand

mental

chin

nasal

nose

nuchal

posterior neck

occipital

posterior base of skull

olecranal

elbow

oral

mouth

orbital

eye

otic

ear

palmar

palm of hand

patellar

knee

pectoral

chest

pedal

foot

plantar

sole of foot

popliteal

posterior of knee

pubic

genital

sacral

between posterior hip

scapular

shoulder balde

sternal

breast bone

sural

posterior leg (calf)

tarsal

ankle

umbilical

navel

vertebral

spinal column

transverse (horizontal) plane

divides body into superior and inferior sections

frontal (coronal) plane

divides body into anterior and posterior sections

sagittal plane

divides body into left and right portions

midsagittal (median) plane

divides the body down the midline (in halves)

parasagittal plane

divides the body near the midline

oblique plane

other than at a right angle

longitudinal plane

cut along the length of an organ

cranial cavity

brain (dorsal cavity)

spinal cavity

spinal cord (dorsal cavity)

thoracic cavity

lungs, heart, trachea, and esophagus (ventral cavity)

abdominopelvic cavity

abdominal cavity: stomach, gallbladder, liver, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, ureters, small intestine, and large intestine

pelvic cavity: rectum, urinary bladder, uterus (female), fallopian tube (female), prostate (male), and vas deferens (male)

(ventral body cavity)

mediastinum

space between the lungs

diaphragm

below the thoracic cavity

right upper quadrant (RUQ)

liver, gallbladder, part of small intestine, parts of large intestine, and right kidney

left upper quadrant (LUQ)

spleen, stomach, left kidney, pancreas, and parts of large intestine

right lower quadrant (RLQ)

appendix, cecum, ascending colon, right ovary (female), right spermatic cord (male), and right ureter

left lower quadrant (LLQ)

sigmoid colon, descending colon, left ovary (female), left spermatic cord (male), and left ureter

integumentary system

protect body from external factors, excrete waste products, vitamin d production, body temperature regulation

what organ systems/organs assist in vitamin d production?

integumentary (skin) , digestive (liver) , and urinary (kidneys)

skeletal system

protect and support, allow movements, store minerals (calcium), blood cell production (red, white, and platelets)

what organ systems assist with movement?

skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems

muscular system

allow body movement, pump blood, move organs, body heat production

what organ systems produces all blood cells?

skeletal system

nervous system

recognize internal and external environmental changes and adjust accordingly, maintain short-term homeostasis

endocrine system

production, storage, and secretion of hormones via the circulatory system to regulate bodily function, long-term regulation of homeostasis