cell theory

Animal Cell

A eukaryotic cell that forms the tissues and organs of animals and lacks a cell wall and chloroplasts.

Plant Cell

The basic structural and functional unit of plants that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, allowing for growth, food production, and stability.

Nucleus

The 'control center' of the cell that contains DNA, carrying instructions for all cell activities.

Mitochondria

Organelles known as the 'powerhouses' of the cell; they produce energy (ATP) through cellular respiration by breaking down glucose.

Cell Wall

A rigid layer present in plant cells that provides structural support and prevents excessive water intake.

Chloroplasts

Organelles present in plant cells that contain chlorophyll, enabling photosynthesis.

Centrioles

Structures present in animal cells that are vital for cell division (mitosis and meiosis).

Plasmodesmata

Channels through plant cell walls that allow for transport and communication between plant cells.

Lysosomes

Organelles common in animal cells that contain digestive enzymes to break down waste, debris, and pathogens.

Rough ER

A membrane network that transports materials and assists ribosomes in producing and delivering proteins.

Smooth ER

A network of membrane-covered tubes and sacs without ribosomes, giving it a smooth appearance.

Vacuole

An organelle that functions like a storage unit or warehouse, keeping extra supplies and waste until needed.

Plasma Membrane

A structure that controls what enters and exits the cell, maintains homeostasis, and provides protection/structural support.