Parasitology Chapter 6 pictures and characteristics

Hymenolepis nana

Host: mice, rats, gerbils, hamsters, dogs, humans
Intermediate host: none
Location: small intestine
Transmission: ingestion of infective egg or autoinfection (H. nana)
Diagnosis: fecal float or postmortem in small intestine
Treatment: Niclosamide or Praziquantel
Zoonotic?: zoonotic
Common name: Rodent tapeworm

Hymenolepis diminuta

Host: mice, rats, gerbils, hamsters, dogs, and humans
Intermediate host: fleas, flour beetles, and other arthopods
Location: small intestine
Transmission: ingestion of infective flea, grain beetle, or cockroach
Diagnosis: fecal float or postmortem in small intestine
Treatment: Niclosamide or Praziquantel
Zoonotic?: no
Common name: rodent tapeworm

Moniezia benedini

Host: cattle
Intermediate host: grain mites
Location: small intestine
Transmission: ingestion of infective grain mite
Diagnosis: fecal float
benedini are square or cuboidal in shape
Treatment: Morante, Niclosamide, pasture rotation
Zoonotic?: no
Common name: Ruminant tapeworm

Moniezia expansa

Host: cattle, sheep, goats
Intermediate host: grain mites
Location: small intestine
Transmission: ingestion of infective
Diagnosis: fecal float
expansa is triangular or pyramidal in shape
Treatment: Morantel, Niclosamide, pasture rotation
Zoonotic?: no
Common name: ruminant tapeworm

Taenia saginata

Host: humans
Intermediate host: cattle
Location: small intestine
Transmission: ingestion of raw or undercooked infective beef
larval stage is found in musculature of cattle
Diagnosis: observation at necropsy or serological tests
Treatment: none but prevent contamination of human feces in cattle feed
Zoonotic?: yes
Common name: beef tapeworm of humans, beef measles
key fact: causes beef measles or measly beef

Taenia solium

Host: human
Intermediate host: pigs
Location: small intestine
Transmission: ingestion of infective undercooked or raw pork
Diagnosis: fecal float, necropsy
larval stage is found in cardiac and skeletal muscle of pig
humans can have cysticercus develop into their muscle and nervous tissue
Treatment: none but prevent pig ingestion of human feces cook pork completely
Zoonotic?: yes
Common name: pork tapeworm of humans, measly pork

Anoplocephala perfoliata

Host: horses
Intermediate host: grain mites
Location: small intestine, large intestine, and cecum
Transmission: ingestion of infective grain mites
Diagnosis: fecal float
eggs have a 3 layer eggshell
adults can cause granulation tissue at site of attachment
Treatment: Pyrantel paomate and pyrantel tartrate; praziquantel
Zoonotic?: no
Common name: lappeted equine tapeworm

Anoplocephala magna

Host: horses
Intermediate host: grain mites
Location: small intestine and occasionally the stomach
Transmission: ingestion of infective grain mites
Diagnosis: fecal float
eggs have 3 layer eggshell
adults cause granulation tissue at site of attachment
Treatment: pyrantel pamoate pyrantel tartrate praziquantel
Zoonotic?: no
Common name: equine tapeworm with large scolex

Paranoplocephala mamillana

Host: horses
Intermediate host: grain mites
Location: small intestine and occasionally the stomach
Transmission: ingestion of infective grain mites
Diagnosis: fecal float
eggs have 3 layered eggshell
adults can cause granulation tissue at site of attachment
Treatment: pyrantel pamoate pyrantel tartrate praziquantel
Zoonotic?: no
Common name: dwarf tapeworm

Dipylidium caninum

Host: dogs and cats
Intermediate host: adult fleas
Location: small intestine
Transmission: ingestion of infective adult flea
Diagnosis: fecal float, presence of proglottids in stool
Treatment: praziquantel or epsiprantel and flea control
Zoonotic?: yes
Common name: cucumber seed tapeworm
key fact: found in feces, hair, or bedding, commonly mistaken as uncooked rice

Taenia pisiformis

Host: dogs
Intermediate host: rabbits
Location: small intestine
Transmission: ingestion of infective intermediate host
Diagnosis: fecal float or seeing proglottids in feces
Treatment: praziquantel or epsiprantel and prevent the dog from ingesting the intermediate host
Zoonotic?: no
Common name: canine taeniid

Taenia hydatigena

Host: dogs
Intermediate host: ruminants
Location: small intestine
Transmission: ingestion of infective intermediate host
Diagnosis: fecal float or by seeing proglottids in the feces
Treatment: praziquantel or esiprantel
Zoonotic?: no
Common name: canine taeniid

Taenia ovis

Host: dogs
Intermediate host: sheep
Location: small intestine
Transmission: ingestion of infective intermediate host
Diagnosis: fecal float or seeing proglottids in feces
Treatment: praziquantel or esiprantel
Zoonotic?: no
Common name: mutton tapeworm of dogs

Taenia taeniaeformis

Host: cats
Intermediate host: rats and mice
Location: small intestine
Transmission: ingestion of infective rats or mice
Diagnosis: fecal float seeing proglottids in feces
Treatment: praziquantel
Zoonotic?: no
Common name: feline taeniid or feline tapeworm

Taenia taeniaeformis

Host: cats
Intermediate host: rats and mice
Location: small intestine
Transmission: ingestion of infective rats or mice
Diagnosis: fecal float seeing proglottids in feces
Treatment: praziquantel
Zoonotic?: no
Common name: feline taeniid or feline tapeworm

Echinococcus granulosus

Host: dogs
Intermediate host: sheep, cattle, other herbivores, and humans
Location: small intestine
Transmission: ingestion of infective intermediate host
Diagnosis: fecal float, using enema to collect feces
Treatment: praziquantel
Zoonotic?: SERIOUS POTENTIAL
REPORTABLE TO WHO AND CDC
Common name: unilocular hydatid tapeworm

Echinococcus multilocularis

Host: cats
Intermediate host: rats, mice, voles, and humans
Location: small intestine
Transmission: ingestion of infective intermediate host
Diagnosis: fecal float or using enema to collect feces
Treatment: praziquantel
Zoonotic?: SERIOUS POTENTIAL
REPORTABLE TO WHO AND CDC
Common name: multilocular hydatid tapeworm

Spirometra species

Host: dogs and cats
Intermediate host: 1st: aquatic crustacean 2nd: fish or frogs
Location: small intestine
Transmission: ingestion of infective fish or frog
Diagnosis: eggs on fecal float, eggs are operculated
Treatment: praziquantel
Zoonotic?: yes
Common name: zipper tapeworm
key fact: cause intestinal obstruction and are commonly found near florida and near the gulf coast of north america

Diphyllobothrium latum

Host: dogs, cats, humans
Intermediate host: 1st aquatic crustacean 2nd fish
Location: small intestine
Transmission: ingestion of infective fish
Diagnosis: eggs on fecal float
Treatment: praziquantel
Zoonotic?: yes
Common name: broad fish tapeworm
Key fact: absorb vitamin 12 to such an extent that they produce anemia and intestinal obstruction

Diphyllobothrium latum

Host: dogs, cats, humans
Intermediate host: 1st aquatic crustacean 2nd fish
Location: small intestine
Transmission: ingestion of infective fish
Diagnosis: eggs on fecal float
Treatment: praziquantel
Zoonotic?: yes
Common name: broad fish tapeworm
Key fact: absorb vitamin 12 to such an extent that they produce anemia and intestinal obstruction

Life cycle of cotyloda

two intermediate hosts. egg makes contact with water and releases ciliated hexacanth called coracidium.
The croacidium is ingested by a aquatic crustacean and then becomes a procercoid.
The procercoid is ingested by a fish or amphibian and in the muscles of the host forms a plerocercoid or sparganum