Studied by 49 people
The process of gradual changes in all forms of life (over generations)
Evolution
“to come from (something/one) with changes”
“Descent with modification”
A process in which organism with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce
Natural Selection
humans imposing a trait on an organism; breeding on an organism that is influenced by human
Artificial Selection
Galapagos Island, Peppered Moths
Examples of Natural Selection
Dogs, Crops, Farm
Examples of Artificial Selection
(selected by humans) favoring individuals with certain phenotypic traits; leads to evolutionary change
Artificial selection operates by
Wild plants or animals are tamed and selectively bred for humans purposes
Domestication
Artificial selection results can be seen in a ____ period of time
short
Direct evidence that evolution has occured
Fossil record
Preserved remains of once-living organisms
Fossils
Amber, siberian permafrost, dry caves, and rocks
Preservation methods
Amber
Tree sap
(Siberian) Permafrost
frozen ground
Why dry caves?
Fungi likes humid places; fungi is a decomposer that will decay any remains of organisms
Most bodies _______ or are ________
decay, eaten
If fossils do form, they are either covered by _______ or worn away by _______
rocks, erosion
Only a ______ fraction are fossilized
small
Can determine the age of fossils
Radiometric dating
What does radiometric dating utilizes to determine the age of fossils?
Isotopes
There are _____ in fossil records
Gaps
Why are there gaps in fossil records?
Fossils are rare
Reveal evidence of evolutionary connections among lineages by comparing the structure of bodies of different species
Comparative morphology
common derivation
Homologous Structures
Different types of an embryo are often similar early on, but as they mature, they appear as what they are supposed to be
Embryonic Development
key regulatory genes or proteins that have a signficant infuence controlling the activity of other genes
Master regulators
Structures with apparent function with our ancestors, but no function in today’s world.
Vestigial structures
Appendix, Tailbon (Coccyx), Wisdom Teeth
Examples of vestigial structures
accumulate independently in the genomes of separate lineages
Neutral mutations
The number of difference among the DNA of different lineages; comparing amino acid sequences
Molecular clock
The fewer the difference
More recent ancestor
The bigger the difference
More distant ancestor
split; separate
Diverge
study of geographic distribution of species
Biogeography
Unrelated organisms independently evolve similar traits or characteristics in response to similar environmental (pressures)
Convergent evolution
Features with similar functions in different, but do not share a common evolutionary origin
Analogous Structures
Note 
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