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transverse wave
a wave that oscillates perpendicular to the energy transfer
longitudinal waves
a wave which oscillates in the same direction as the energy transfer. consists of compressions and rarefactions
give 2 examples of longitudinal waves
sound waves, seismic waves
give 2 examples of transverse waves
water waves, light waves
waves only carry _______, not __________.
energy, not particles
amplitude
the maximum displacement from undisturbed position
wavelength (λ)
length of one complete wave
wave
vibrations which transfers energy without matter being transferred
frequency of a wave
the number of waves passing a point each second
Electromagnetic waves
transverse waves that transfer energy from the source of the waves to an absorber
state the electromagnetic wave series
radio waves
micro waves
infrared waves
visible light
UV
x-rays
gamma rays
refraction
occurs when waves changes speed at a boundary between two materials
Light changes direction when it enters the glass prism.
What name is given to this process?
refraction
A student made water waves in a ripple tank.
Describe how the frequency and wavelength of the water waves in the ripple tank can be measured accurately. [4]
frequency
place a stop clock on the screen
use a camera to record the waves passing a point
replay in slow motion and count the number of waves passing a point in 1 second
wavelength
place a metre rule at the side of the screen perpendicular to wave fronts
take a photo of the shadow on the screen
use metre rule to measure the distance between two wave front
electromagnetic waves
transverse waves that transfer energy from a source to an absorber
all EM waves travel at the same velocity in ___ or a ______
air or a vacuum
Explain why X-rays can be used to produce images of the bones inside the body [2]
X-rays are absorbed by bones
but can pass through flesh
Explain why a radiographer stands behind a protective screen when taking an X-ray image. [2]
taking lots of X-rays would give them more exposure to radiation
which would increase the radiographer’s risk of cancer
the screen absorbs some of the X-rays
Explain how electrical signals in the transmitter produce a signal in the receiver.
electrical current in the transmitter produces radio waves
radio waves are absorbed by the receiver inducing electrical current in the receiver
at the same frequency
There is no air in space.
Astronauts in space cannot hear sounds from outside their spacesuits. Explain this [2]
sound does not travel through a vacuum
as there are no particles to vibrate
as you go down the electromagnetic spectrum, what happens to the waves?
wavelength is shorter
frequency increases
produce more energy
all electromagnetic waves are emitted and absorbed by _______
electrons
Explain what ultrasound is [2]
sound with frequency above 20 000 hertz
sound cannot be heard by humans
how are UV (Ultraviolet) waves hazardous to humans?
causes skin to age prematurely
increases risk of skin cancer
how are x-rays and gamma rays hazardous to humans?
ionising radiation
causes the mutation of genes and cancer
give a use for radio waves
explain why are they suitable for this role
bluetooth
uses short-wave radio waves to send data without wires
give 2 uses for micro waves
explain why are they suitable for this role
satellite communications
cooking food
easily pass through watery atmospheres
give 2 uses for infrared waves
explain why are they suitable for this role
infrared cameras
electrical heaters
easily absorbed
give a use for visible light
explain why are they suitable for this role
fibre optic cables to transmit data
easy to refract light
give 2 uses for UV waves
energy efficient lamps
sun tanning
