Studied by 30 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
Disorder
A significant disturbance associated with distress and disability in various activities, not including culturally approved responses to stressors or socially deviant behaviors unless resulting from individual dysfunction.
Behavioral Indicators of Disorders
Includes time course, developmental regression, delays, persistence of difficulties, quantitative and qualitative aspects, and inappropriate behavior.
Gender Differences in Diagnosis
Refers to the varied expressions of disorders, biological vulnerabilities, gender role socialization, and referral biases in diagnosis and treatment.
Separation Anxiety
Involves excessive fear or anxiety when separated from an attachment figure, with specific symptoms required for diagnosis.
Social Anxiety
Characterized by persistent fear or anxiety in social situations, leading to significant distress or impairment in social functioning.
Phobia
Involves fear or anxiety about specific objects or events, leading to avoidance and impairment in various areas of functioning.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Marked by excessive worry and anxiety for at least six months, with specific symptoms required for diagnosis.
Panic Disorder
Involves recurrent panic attacks and persistent concern or maladaptive behavior changes due to the attacks.
Major Depressive Disorder
Main symptoms include sadness, anhedonia, and irritability, with specific criteria for diagnosis and recovery patterns.
Persistent Depressive Disorder
Characterized by chronic but less severe depressive symptoms lasting at least two years for adults and one year for children and adolescents.
Dizygotic
Twins who share 50% of genes
Risk factors
Increase the likelihood of an outcome
Protective factors
Decrease risk and enhance resilience
Fear
Immediate response to danger
Panic
Sudden uncontrollable fear or anxiety
Anxiety
Strong negative emotion anticipating danger
Modeling/social learning
Behavior learned through observation
Classical conditioning
Learning through association
Operant conditioning
Learning through reinforcement or punishment
Exposure therapy
Treatment for anxiety disorders
Cognitive behavioral therapy
Effective for anxiety disorders
ADHD
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Inattention
Lack of focus and organization
Hyperactivity
Excessive movement and impulsivity
Conduct Disorders
Antisocial behaviors violating norms
Intermittent explosive disorder (IED)
Recurrent aggressive outbursts
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)
Defiant behavior and anger
Conduct Disorder (CD)
Persistent violation of others' rights
Parent Management Training (PMT)
Teaches parents to manage behavior
Parent Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT)
Therapy for parents and children together
Multisystemic Treatment (MST)
Targets family, school, and peers to reduce future offenses and arrests, but is costly.
Emotional Disturbance
Category under IDEA where ODD, CD, and IED fall.
Critical Classroom Considerations for Antisocial Behavior
Structured environment, routines, expectations, reinforcement, calm teacher, no yelling, 5:1 ratio.
504 Plan for ODD
Example includes modeling and promoting appropriate self-advocacy skills and encouraging expression of feelings without fear.
IEP for Conduct Problems
Example includes responding to staff directives in an expected manner within a specific time frame.
Autism
Characterized by severe and pervasive impairments in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors.
DSM Criteria for ASD
Includes deficits in social communication and interaction, as well as restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior.
Deficits in Social Communication for ASD
Include social-emotional reciprocity, nonverbal communication, and interpersonal relationships.
Restricted, Repetitive Behaviors in ASD
Include stereotyped behaviors, adherence to routines, fixated interests, and sensory reactivity.
Autism Diagnosis
Typically around 3-4 years, with symptoms observed within the first 2 years of life.
Prognosis Factors for Autism
Include intellectual ability, linguistic abilities, and social engagement.
IEP Goal for Autism
Example includes identifying emotional states in others within a specific timeframe.
Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA)
Uses learning principles to teach behaviors, focusing on antecedents, behaviors, and consequences.
PTSD
Involves intrusion, avoidance, negative mood states, and arousal following a traumatic event lasting at least a month.
Criteria for PTSD
Includes exposure to traumatic events, intrusion symptoms, avoidance, negative alterations in cognitions and mood, and marked alterations in arousal.
Acute Stress Disorder
Similar to PTSD but lasts 3 days to 1 month after trauma.
OCD
Involves obsessions (intrusive thoughts) and compulsions (repetitive behaviors).
Academic Instruction Strategies for Trauma
Include building on strengths, maintaining routines, clear expectations, language-based teaching, and support from school.
Insight in OCD
Refers to the individual's recognition of the validity of their obsessive-compulsive beliefs.
Prevalence of OCD
1-2% in adults, 25% in 5-15 year olds, more common in boys in childhood.
Prognosis of OCD
Typically starts at age 19.5, 25% of cases start by age 14, gradual onset is common, chronic if untreated.
Trends in OCD and suicide
44% experience suicidal ideation, 14% attempt; higher with depression or anxiety.
Differences between OCD and anxiety disorders
Primary symptoms in OCD are not fear, panic, or worry; different cognitive patterns.
Causes of OCD
Moderately heritable, more likely with a first-degree relative with OCD, compulsions are negatively reinforced.
Treatments for OCD
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Exposure and Response Prevention, CBT + medication.
Category of IDEA for OCD
Falls under Emotional Disturbance.
Symptoms of OCD interfering with learning
Obsessions and compulsions act as distractors.
Accommodations for students with OCD
Use of tape recorder, priority in receiving handouts, untimed tests or alternative locations.
