ANATOMY [COMPS]

the digestive system tube from the mouth to the anus, including the mouth or buccal cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines

Alimentary Canal (digestive tract)

is the union of two arteries

Anastomoses

the branch of science dealing with the study of the structure of the body

Anatomy

the study of blood vessels (the vascular system)

Angiology

the bony structure that makes up the pectoral girdle, upper extremities, pelvic girdle, and lower extremities. (Contains 126 bones)

Appendicular skeleton

80 bones including the skull, vertebrae, thorax and hyoid bone

Axial skeleton

the smooth muscle around the opening of the stomach from the esophagus into the stomach

Cardiac sphincter

the study of the heart

Cardiology

a canal in the petrous portion of the temporal bone that transmits the internal carotid artery and the internal carotid plexus of sympathetic nerves

Carotid canal

pertaining to a ductless gland that secretes directly into the bloodstream

Endocrine

red blood cells

Erythrocytes

pertaining to a gland that delivers its secretion through a duct

Exocrine

the hole in the base of the skull (occipital bone) through which the spinal cord passes

Foramen Magnum

paired, rounded, un-margined prominences of the frontal bone located one inch beneath the normal hairline

Frontal Eminences

the tendon of the occipitofrontalis muscle

Galea aponeurotica

a gland that has both endocrine and exocrine functions, such as the pancreas

Heterocrine

the study of the tissues of the human body with the aid of a microscope

Histology

clusters of cells in the pancreas which produce insulin

Islets of Langerhans

white blood cells

Leukocytes

a line drawn or visualized on the surface of the skin to represent the approximate location of some more deeply lying structure

Linear guide

the depression in the temporal bone into which the condyle of the mandible fits

Mandibular fossa

the pigment of all races that determines the lightness or darkness of the skin

Melanin

the study of muscles

Myology

the partition that divides the nasal cavity into two sections

Nasal septum

the study of the nervous system

Neurology

any small bone, especially one of the three bones of the middle ear

Ossicles

the junction of the pubic bones on the midline of the body

Pubic symphysis

the smooth muscle around the opening of the stomach into the duodenum

Pyloric sphincter

the watery portion of the blood after coagulation occurs

Serum

a hollow organ in the pelvic cavity posterior to the symphysis pubis

Urinary bladder

What are the 5 functions of blood

1. Transport 2. Temperature control 3. Control pH 4. Control Water Balance 5. Infection Defense

What are the 4 basic tissues

1. Epithelial 2. Connective 3. Muscular 4. Nervous

The liver and gallbladder is located in

the Right Hypochondriac

The fundus of the stomach is in

the Left Hypochondriac

The umbilical is the central region of the

nine region plan.

The cecum (beginning of the large intestine) and the appendix is located in

the right inguinal or iliac region

The ascending colon is located in

the right lumbar

The transverse colon is located in

the Umbilical region

The descending colon is located in

the left lumbar

The sigmoid is in

the left inguinal or iliac

Located in the cervical triangle

Common carotid, Internal Jugular vein, Vagus nerve

Superior border of Anterior Cervical Triangle

inferior margin of mandible

Medial boundary of Anterior Cervical Triangle

midline of neck

Lateral boundary of Anterior Cervical Triangle

anterior of SCM

The muscles that are the guides to the femoral artery are:

Sartorius, Adductor Longus, & (the Inguinal Ligament)

The lateral border of the femoral triangle

Sartorius

The medial border of the femoral triangle

Adductor longus

The superior border of the femoral triangle

The Inguinal Ligament

The Axilla contains

Brachial Plexus, Axillary Artery, Axillary Vein

The inner layer of the heart

Endocardium

The middle (muscle) layer of the heart

Myocardium

The outermost layer of the heart

Epicardium

Pericardium

sac covering the heart

The valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle

Tricuspid

The valve located between the left atrium and the left ventricle

Bicuspid (Mitral)

The valve between the right ventricle and the Pulmonary Artery

Pulmonary Semilunar Valve

The valve between the left ventricle and the Ascending Aorta

Aortic Semilunar Valve

After blood passes through the tricuspid valve it will be in the right ventricle

After blood passes through the mitral (bicuspid) valve, it will be in the

left ventricle

After blood passes through the pulmonary semilunar valve, it will be in the

pulmonary artery

After blood passes through the aortic semilunar valve, it will be in the

ascending aorta

The part of the heart that receives venous blood returning from all parts of the body EXCEPT the lungs is the

right atrium (which is also the center of drainage)

The axillary vein terminates into the

subclavian vein

The external jugular vein terminates by emptying into the

subclavian vein

The internal jugular vein joins the subclavian vein to become the

brachiocephalic vein

The right and left brachiocephalic veins join to form the

superior vena cava (which empties into the right atrium of the heart)

A system that begins and ends in capillaries is known as a

Portal system

The Hepatic Portal System is a system that begins & ends in capillaries and terminates in

the liver

The Hepatic Portal System receives venous blood from the internal organs and the hepatic veins terminate into

the inferior vena cava.

Other veins that empty into (are tributaries to) the inferior vena cava are…

Gonadal veins (testicular & ovarian) Renal veins Adrenal veins Hepatic veins

Veins that take blood to the

right atrium

The layers of the arteries are the:

tunica intima - (inner layer) tunica media - (middle layer) tunica externa (adventitia) – outer layer

Order of blood leaving heart

arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins back to the heart

The connecting arteries to the Circle of Willis:

Rt. & Lt. Anterior Cerebral Arteries, Rt. & Lt. Posterior Cerebral Arteries, Rt. & Lt. Posterior Communicating Arteries, Rt. & Lt. Internal Carotid Arteries, Anterior Communicating Artery

The Aorta continues to become the…

Thoracic Aorta, Abdominal Aorta, Common Iliacs

The Celiac Artery is an unpaired visceral branch of the Abdominal Aorta which provides blood to the…

stomach, liver, spleen, and pancreas

The external iliac artery lies along …

the medial border of the psoas major muscle

The femoral artery originates at the…

inguinal ligament

The femoral artery terminates into the…

popliteal artery

The femoral artery runs through the…

adductor canal

The popliteal artery originates off the…

femoral artery at the adductor magnus muscle

The popliteal artery terminates by…

bifurcating into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries

The two divisions of the skeleton are called the…

axial and appendicular divisions

The axial skeleton includes what?

the skull, hyoid bone, thorax and the spine (80 bones)

The appendicular skeleton includes what?

the upper extremities, pectoral girdle, lower extremities, & pelvic girdle (126 bones)

How many bones in the body?

206

How many bones does the baby have?

213

How many bones in the cranium?

8

What are the cranial bones?

frontal, 2 parietal, 2 temporal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid

The flat part of the temporal bone is the…

Squama

How many facial bones are there?

14

What are the facial bones?

2 nasal bones, 2 lacrimal bones, vomer bone, 2 zygomatic bones, 2 palatine bones, 2 maxillary bones, mandible, 2 inferior nasal concha

The glenoid cavity is the depression on the…?

scapula that the head of the humerus fits in

Track air from the nose to the lungs

Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Lung Aveoli

The opening into the stomach

cardiac sphincter valve

The exit from the stomach

pyloric sphincter valve

The small intestines consist of the…

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

The liver is the major organ for what?

detoxification and also produces bile (the largest gland in the body)

The gastrocnemius is the?

calf muscle

Biceps femoris is a muscle of the?

lower extremity