APUSH 7a

Imperialism

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force, often resulting in the domination of one nation over another.

Schenk vs US

A landmark Supreme Court case from 1919 that convicted Charles Schenck for distributing anti-draft pamphlets during World War I, establishing the "clear and present danger" standard for limiting free speech.

Ida Tarbell

An influential muckraker and journalist known for her investigative work on the Standard Oil Company, revealing unethical practices and contributing to the trust-busting movement.

Preservationists

Individuals who advocate for the protection of natural environments and the preservation of wilderness areas from human exploitation and development.

League of Nations

An international organization established after World War I to promote peace and cooperation among countries, though it ultimately failed to prevent future conflicts. Woodrow Wilson.

Espionage and Sedition Acts

Laws passed in 1917 and 1918 that imposed strict penalties on individuals who spoke out against the U.S. government or its involvement in World War I, limiting free speech.

War Industries Board

A U.S. government agency established during World War I to coordinate the production and allocation of war materials and supplies.

Platt Amendment

A U.S. law passed in 1901 that outlined the conditions for the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Cuba and established the U.S. role in Cuban affairs, including the right to intervene in Cuban politics.

Jane Addams

A social reformer and activist known for co-founding Hull House in Chicago, which provided services to immigrants and the poor, and for her efforts in advocating for peace and women's suffrage.

Treaty of Versailles

The peace treaty that ended World War I, signed in 1919, imposing heavy reparations and territorial losses on Germany.

Conservationists

Individuals who advocate for the protection and preservation of natural resources and the environment, often promoting sustainable practices.

Moral Diplomacy

A foreign policy approach advocated by President Woodrow Wilson, emphasizing the promotion of democratic ideals and moral principles in international relations, rather than military intervention.

Muller vs Oregon

A landmark Supreme Court case in 1908 that upheld the constitutionality of limiting women's working hours, citing their health and societal interests.

Jacob Riis

A social reformer and journalist known for his book "How the Other Half Lives," which exposed the living conditions of the urban poor in New York City.

16th Amendment

Ratified in 1913, allows the federal government to impose an income tax without apportioning it among the states or basing it on the United States Census.

Frank Norris

An American novelist and journalist known for his works that criticized the monopolistic practices of the railroads and the impact of corporate greed on society.

Sierra Club

A conservation organization founded in 1892 by John Muir, dedicated to promoting environmental preservation and protecting wild places in the United States.

Treaty of Paris 1898

Ended the Spanish-American War, resulting in Spain ceding Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the United States, while Cuba gained independence.

Clayton Anti-Trust Act

A federal law enacted in 1914 to promote fair competition and prevent monopolies by prohibiting certain business practices that restricted trade.

Dollar Diplomacy

A foreign policy strategy used by President William Howard Taft to encourage and protect American investments abroad, especially in Latin America and East Asia, through economic influence rather than military intervention.

Henry Cabot Lodge

A prominent Republican senator and a leading advocate for American imperialism during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, known for his support of the Spanish-American War and the construction of the Panama Canal.

17th Amendment

The constitutional amendment that established the direct election of U.S. senators by the voters of the states, ratified in 1913.

Upton Sinclair

An American author and social activist known for his novel "The Jungle," which exposed the harsh conditions and exploitation of workers in the meatpacking industry, leading to reforms in food safety regulations.

Muckrakers

Investigative journalists in the early 20th century who exposed corruption, social injustices, and abuses of power, influencing public opinion and prompting reforms.

Yellow Journalism

a style of sensationalist reporting that exaggerates news events to attract readers, often associated with the competition between newspapers in the late 19th century.

Sherman Anti-Trust

A landmark federal statute enacted in 1890 aimed at curbing monopolistic practices and promoting competition by prohibiting trusts and other forms of anti-competitive agreements.

Big Stick Diplomacy

A diplomatic approach used by President Theodore Roosevelt, emphasizing negotiation backed by the threat of military force to achieve U.S. goals in Latin America.

Committee on Public Info

A government agency established during World War I to promote public support for the war effort through propaganda and information campaigns.

Alien and Sedition Acts 1918

A series of laws passed in 1918 that expanded the government's power to suppress dissent and limit free speech during wartime. These acts targeted immigrants and those opposing the war, reflecting heightened national security concerns.

18th Amendment

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages in the United States, leading to the era of Prohibition.

Teller Amendment

A provision added to the 1898 declaration of war against Spain, stating that the U.S. would not annex Cuba but would leave its government to the Cuban people.