UCSAP FINALS

NATIONALITY

Is the identity that is tied to being part of a nation or country.

NATIONALIZATION

Is the legal act or process by which a non-citizen of a country may acquire citizenship or nationality of that country.

ETHNIC GROUPS

Is a human population whose members identity with each other, usually on the basis of a presumed common genealogy or ancestry

180 Ethnic Groups

100 Tribal Groups

SEX

biological characteristics of human such as male, female

GENDER

roles, behavior, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriates for men and women

HETEROSEXUAL

A person with this gender is inclined to be sexually attracted to a person of the opposite sex.

HOMOSEXUAL

When a person is sexually attracted to a person of the same sex.

GAY

A male who is romantically and sexually attracted to another male.

LESBIAN

A female who is romantically and sexually attracted to another female.

BISEXUAL

Some individuals who are attracted to both sexes.

ASEXUAL

Some who are totally incapable of being attracted to any sex.

POLYSEXUAL

Individuals who are attracted to multiple types of gender identity.

PANSEXUAL

Individuals who accommodate all types of gender.

TRANSGENDER

There are people whose gender identities do not match their biological identities as male or female.

TRANSSEXUAL

There sexual orientation is not related to their genitalia, which allow them to identify with any type of gender.

The typical determinants of one’s social status include:

Income

Value of assets and

Savings

Cultural interest and

hobbies

Social class

is a way to categorize people in society based on their

similar status.

five socioeconomic status

Rich

High Income

Upper Middle Income

Middle Class

Lower Middle Class

Low income

Poor

Political Identity

As a social category refers to the set of attitudes and practices that an individual adheres to in relation to the political systems and actors within his or her society

Religion

The belief in the supernatural has been one of the universal preoccupations of humans as early 60,000 years ago.

MONOTHEISTIC

Believing in the existence of one God.

POLYTHEISTIC

Believing in the existence of multiple Gods.

Natural Science

studies natural events whereas social science studies the human society

Social Science

It is a branch of discipline or branch of science that deals with human behavior in its social and cultural aspects.

is a branch of science primarily focuses in Human society and social relationship

ANTHROPOLOGY

Study of humanity

It came from a latin word anthropos means man

Logos means to study

Study of human beings and their ancestors

Franz Boas

Father of American Anthropology (1858-1942)
He advocate cultural relativism or the complexity if all culture whether primitive or not

Edward B. Taylor

From his book Primitive Culture (1871) first gave the definition of culture

Cultural Anthropology

The study of people with their variations and progress in terms of culture.

Linguistic Anthropology

The study of language, its evolution, and its connection to other languages in society

Archaeology Anthropology

The study of past human cultures through their material remains

Biological Anthropology

The study of human origin, which includes genetics, race, evolution. fossils and our ancestors

Applied Anthropology

They analyze social, political, and economic problems and develop solutions to respond to present problems

SOCIOLOGY

Study of human relationship with human society and interaction
It came from a latin word SOCUIS means COMPANION
Logos means to study

Auguste Comte

He introduced the term POSITIVISM. It is the study society scientifically through evidences, experiments, and statistics to clearly see the operations of the society

Karl Marx

He disagreed with Comte’s Positivism and believed that societies developed and progressed because of the struggles of different social classes over the means of production.

POLITICAL SCIENCE

Is a discipline in social science concerned primarily in the state,

government, and politics

Hunting and Gathering Society

Recognized as the earliest and simplest form of society

Nomadic

Members are generally treated equally and decisions are based on consensus.

Pastoral Society

Characterized by the domestication of animals for food for a more stable and predictable food supply

Horticultural Society

Primarily engages in the small -scale cultivation of plants, fruits, and vegetables and the domestication of animals.

Semi-nomadic

Agrarian or agricultural Society

Involves the large-scale and long-term cultivation of crops and domestication of animals.

Industrial Society

Based on the use of specialized machinery in the production of goods and services.

Post-Industrial Society

Marked by the establishment of societies based on knowledge, information, and the sale of services

Ethnocentrism

A term coined by William Summer, is the tendency to see and evaluate other cultures in terms of one’s own race, nation, or culture

One’s culture is the center of everything

Xenocentrism

People are highly influenced by the culture or many cultures outside the realm of their society.

According to John D. Fullmer Xenocentrism influenced by other cultures

Cultural Relativism

It is the principle that an individual human’s beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual’s own culture.