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What is the relationship between globalization and technology?
Globalization and technology are interconnected, with advancements in technology facilitating greater connectivity and information spread globally.
What is one positive impact of advancements in communication technology?
Advancements in communication technology lead to the faster spread of information and culture, exemplified by videos impacting global movements like the Arab Spring.
How has transportation technology impacted migration?
Transportation technology has facilitated increased migration of people and goods, making trade and connections to other locations easier.
What is a limitation of modern communication technology?
A limitation is the reliability of information, raising concerns about misinformation.
What is a concern regarding the cultural impact of globalization?
With increased connectivity, there is a concern that the world may be becoming 'one global culture'.
What agricultural advancement has increased crop productivity?
The Green Revolution introduced new methods of crossbreeding, fertilizers, and irrigation techniques to produce more resistant grain varieties.
What is one negative impact of the Green Revolution on small farmers?
Small farmers often lose land due to the high costs of fertilizers, leading to larger farming groups taking over.
What environmental issues are associated with modern agricultural practices?
Environmental issues include soil degradation from chemicals, deforestation, and harm to pollinators due to pesticides.
How does increased energy availability affect productivity?
More energy availability leads to increased productivity.
What are two cleaner energy sources mentioned?
Wind and solar energy are cleaner energy sources that can help alleviate environmental concerns.
What environmental issues are associated with fossil fuels?
Fossil fuels contribute to air pollution and climate change.
What are the risks associated with nuclear energy?
Nuclear energy poses risks such as dangerous consequences from improperly stored waste and potential reactor accidents.
What percentage of energy consumption comes from nuclear energy?
Only 5% of energy consumption comes from nuclear energy.
What are some major medical advancements mentioned?
Key medical advancements include antibiotics (e.g., Penicillin), birth control, and vaccines.
How did antibiotics impact soldiers during WWII?
Antibiotics saved many soldiers' lives during WWII and helped combat illnesses in civilians.
What societal change has resulted from the availability of birth control?
Birth control has led to declining fertility rates and reshaped gender roles in society.
What impact have vaccines had on disease prevalence?
Vaccines have made diseases like polio and measles more rare, with smallpox essentially eradicated by the 1980s.
How many deaths have vaccines potentially prevented in the 21st century?
Vaccines have led to the prevention of an estimated 3 million deaths in the 21st century.
What diseases are mentioned as limitations of medical advancements?
Diseases mentioned include polio, measles, smallpox, and mumps.
What is antibiotic resistance?
The evolution of stronger strains of diseases due to the use of antibiotics.
How does poverty contribute to the spread of diseases?
Poverty leads to poor housing, contaminated water, and lack of access to sanitation, facilitating disease spread in low-income regions.
What disease has a large impact on tropical areas, especially in Africa?
Malaria.
Which disease affects populations living in close quarters?
Tuberculosis.
What bacterial disease is associated with contaminated water?
Cholera.
Which disease has a significant impact in Pakistan and Afghanistan due to contaminated water?
Polio.
What is one consequence of increased global connectivity?
Diseases can spread faster worldwide.
What was the impact of the Spanish Flu (1918-1919)?
It killed more soldiers than WWI and infected 1/5 of the worldwide population.
How many people did HIV/AIDS kill between 1981 and 2014?
More than 25 million.
What was a significant outbreak of Ebola?
The 2014 outbreak in West Africa led by the WHO.
What are some new diseases impacting longevity?
Heart Disease and Alzheimer's Disease.
What lifestyle factors contribute to heart disease?
Lifestyle choices, genetics, and increased longevity.
What is Alzheimer's Disease?
A form of dementia that leads to memory loss and eventual death.
What is deforestation?
The loss of trees due to land being cleared for agriculture.
What is desertification?
The overuse of agriculture and removal of natural vegetation in arid lands.
What are the effects of air and water pollution?
Decline in the quality of air and water.
How has population growth affected agriculture?
Increased demand for food leads to more crops, resulting in deforestation and habitat decline.
What was the world population in 1900?
1.6 billion.
What is a consequence of urbanization?
Increased waste and pollution.
What is resource depletion?
The rapid depletion of fossil fuels since the Industrial Revolution.
What does the WHO predict about clean water availability by 2025?
Over half of the world's population will lack access to clean water.
What are new energy sources becoming popular?
Renewable energy sources like wind, solar, tidal, and geothermal power.
What is the potential future of electricity generation by 2050?
Half of the world's electricity may come from wind and solar power.
What new social group has emerged regarding environmental awareness?
The 'Environmental Cool Club Kids'.
What is the Club of Rome and its purpose?
An organization formed in 1968 with representatives from various fields to discuss solutions to global challenges, particularly resource depletion.
What is the focus of the Green Party?
An organization in many countries that focuses on identifying solutions to environmental issues.
What is the Green Belt Movement?
An initiative aimed at protecting the environment through actions like the planting of 51 million trees in Kenya.
What is the Kyoto Protocol and its significance?
A 1997 agreement where developed nations urged developing nations to limit CO2 output; the US did not ratify it.
What was the Paris Agreement and its key events?
A 2015 deal signed by 195 countries to refocus on environmental initiatives; the US left in 2017 under President Trump and rejoined in 2021 under President Biden.
What was the impact of Greta Thunberg's speech at the UN in 2018?
It highlighted the urgency of climate action, stating that adults are stealing the future from children.
What is Extinction Rebellion?
A group that engaged in civil disobedience in England in 2018 to raise awareness of the climate emergency.
What does the term Holocene epoch refer to?
The current age, meaning entirely recent; some scientists argue this is the name for our time period.
What is the Anthropocene?
A proposed epoch that reflects the significant impact humans have on the planet.
What is economic liberalization?
The process of opening up economies, associated with leaders like Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher.
What has been the trend in the movement of manufacturing?
Manufacturing plants have shifted to regions like Asia and Latin America for cheaper wages and fewer regulations.
What are maquiladoras?
Factories set up in Mexico due to the NAFTA agreement in 1994, where many jobs shifted to low-wage locations.
What economic reforms did August Pinochet implement in Chile?
He used violent tactics but opened up the economy to free-market practices.
What changes did Deng Xiaoping introduce in China?
He opened up China to economic reforms, allowing more control over production and private business.
What are knowledge economies?
Economies that focus on the creation and spread of information and knowledge to enhance economic success.
What role do economic clubs play post-WWII?
They were created to facilitate trade and reduce restrictions, with organizations like the WTO focusing on fair labor practices.
What are some consequences of moving manufacturing to countries like Vietnam and Bangladesh?
Lower labor costs have led to labor exploitation and environmental damage.
What is the significance of the 2018 Extinction Rebellion protests?
They prompted parliamentary discussions on the climate emergency despite many arrests.
How did the US's participation in the Paris Agreement change over time?
The US left the agreement in 2017 under President Trump and rejoined in 2021 under President Biden.
What is the relationship between NAFTA and job shifts to Mexico?
NAFTA led to the establishment of maquiladoras in Mexico, resulting in job shifts to areas with low wages.
What are the implications of economic liberalization on labor practices?
It has often led to labor exploitation and environmental degradation as companies seek cheaper production costs.
What is the main goal of the Green Belt Movement?
To protect the environment through initiatives such as ecosystem preservation and tree planting.
What is Mercosur?
A regional trade bloc in South America.
What does ASEAN stand for?
Association of Southeast Asian Nations.
What is GATT?
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.
What is the WTO?
World Trade Organization.
What factors contributed to Finland's economic success?
Investment in research, education, and innovation, particularly in mobile phones and software.
What economic strategies did Japan implement?
Increased exports and decreased imports, with a high emphasis on education and technological development.
Who are the Asian Tigers?
Countries like Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan that focused on government-business partnerships and intense education.
What are Multinational Corporations?
Corporations legally incorporated in one country but operate in others.
Give an example of a historical joint stock company.
British East India Company.
Name a few modern multinational corporations.
Microsoft, Google, Mahindra & Mahindra, Nestle.
What recognition has Mahindra & Mahindra received?
It is considered the 'most trusted business in India' for its responsible practices.
What controversy surrounds Nestle?
It has been criticized for buying cocoa from suppliers that use child labor.
What is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?
A UN document outlining basic rights and fundamental freedoms for all human beings.
What is UNICEF?
United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund, focusing on protecting children.
What is the role of the International Court of Justice?
To negotiate disputes over international law and handle border disputes and treaty violations.
What do UNHCR and NGOs do?
They work to protect refugees and provide assistance in food, medicine, and shelter.
What is Global Feminism?
A movement focusing on outlining rights and providing equal opportunities for women.
What did the 1965 Civil Rights Act accomplish?
It outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
What did the 1965 Voting Rights Act achieve?
It banned discrimination in voting.
What was Apartheid in South Africa?
A system of enforced segregation based on race, placing the white minority in control.
How does China's government control its economy and society?
While the economy has loosened, social controls remain, including censorship of news and education.
What were the main restrictions imposed by segregation laws in South Africa?
Segregation laws banned the black population from certain areas, prohibited mixed marriages, and mandated classes to be taught only in Afrikaans.
Who was Desmond Tutu and what was his stance on human rights?
Desmond Tutu was an Anglican Archbishop and human rights activist who stated, 'I am not interested in picking up crumbs of compassion, I want the full menu of rights.'
What was the significance of Nelson Mandela's imprisonment in 1964?
Nelson Mandela was imprisoned for a life term due to protesting against apartheid, and his imprisonment raised global awareness of apartheid.
What were the demands of the protestors during the Tiananmen Square demonstrations?
The protestors demanded a chance to speak with the government about reforms, including freedom of the press.
What was the Chinese government's response to the Tiananmen Square protests?
The government declared martial law and sent in troops with tanks and weapons to suppress the protests.
What occurred on June 4, 1989, in Tiananmen Square?
On June 4, 1989, the army attacked those in Tiananmen Square, resulting in significant casualties.
What was the outcome of the protests in South Africa during the 1980s?
South Africa became a pariah state, and Nelson Mandela was released from prison in 1989, leading to the end of apartheid in the 1990s.
What was the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) established by Nelson Mandela?
The TRC focused on uniting mixed races in South Africa instead of trying those responsible for apartheid.
How did the Tiananmen Square protests affect international awareness of human rights issues?
The protests brought global attention to human rights issues in China, with organizations like Amnesty International estimating several hundred to a few thousand deaths.
What was the role of students and urban workers in the Tiananmen Square protests?
Many of the protestors were students, professors, and urban workers advocating for democratic reforms.
What was the impact of Nelson Mandela's work while in prison?
His work while imprisoned raised awareness of apartheid globally, leading to protests by various groups and the UN.
What happened to the Chinese government's narrative regarding the Tiananmen Square protests?
The Chinese government maintains that no one died during the protests and has excluded this event from history books and education.
What was the status of South Africa's leadership after apartheid ended in the 1990s?
In 1994, South Africa elected new leaders, with Nelson Mandela becoming president.
What was the significance of civil disobedience during the protests in South Africa?
Civil disobedience included sit-ins, hunger strikes, and refusing to attend classes, demonstrating widespread resistance to apartheid.