ap gov court cases and required docs

Marbury v. __Madison__ (1803)

Judicial review

__McCulloch__ v. Maryland (1819)

national over state

__Schenck__ v. United States (1919)

“clear and present danger” speech not protected

__Brown__ v. Board of Education (1954)

Race-based school segregation violates the equal protection clause

__Baker__ v. Carr (1962)

redistricting

__Engel__ v. Vitale (1962)

establishment clause

__Gideon__ v. Wainwright (1963)

right to an attorney

__Tinker__ v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969)

symbolic speech

__New York Times Co__. v. United States (1971)

national security, 1st amendment

Wisconsin v. __Yoder__ (1972)

free exercise

__Shaw__ v. Reno (1993)

no racial gerrymandering

United States v. __Lopez__ (1995)

commerce clause cannot take out guns

__McDonald__ v. Chicago (2010)

2nd amendment to the states

__Citizens United__ v. Federal Election Commission (2010)

Political spending by corporations, associations, and labor unions is a form of protected speech under the First Amendment

__Roe__ v. Wade (1973)

abortion 14th amendment

Federalist No. 10

Madison- Factions can be stopped by large republic

Brutus No. 1 (1787)

anti federalist

Declaration of Independence (1776)

goodbye england

Articles of Confederation

1st Constitution of the U.S. 1781-1788 (weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade)

Bill of Rights, 1791

first 10 ammendments

Federalist No. 51 (1788)

Separation of powers guards against tyranny

"Letter from a Birmingham Jail," 1963

A letter written by Martin Luther King Jr. after he had been arrested when he took part in a nonviolent march against segregation. He was disappointed more Christians didn't speak out against racism. Advocated nonviolence protest methods

Federalist No. 78, Brutus essays

Robert Yates (anti-federalist) argues the judiciary is too powerful because they are independent, the preamble can extend their power to virtually every case, no authority can remove them from office or lower their salaries, and they can only be removed for "corrupt motives" and not "a mistake in judgement."

Federalist 70-71

* energy in the executive is a leading character in the definition of good government
* a feeble executive implies a feeble execution of the government
* energy -> unity and duration in office

Due Process Clause

part of the 14th Amendment which guarantees that no state deny basic rights to its people

Federalism

a form of government in which power is divided between the federal, or national, government and the states

Equal Protection Clause

Constitutional guarantee that everyone be treated equally-14th amendment

Fourteenth Amendment

made "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" citizens of the country

Necessary and Proper Clause

constitutional authorization for Congress to make any law required to carry out its powers

Supremacy Clause

Article VI of the Constitution, which makes the Constitution, national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws when the national government is acting within its constitutional limits.