DISS Quarter 1 Reviewer: Everyday Life and Social Science

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the notes.

Social Science

A field of study that aims to understand society and how it influences people, examining patterns of daily behavior and the role of structures.

Everyday Life

Patterns of our daily behaviors, relationships, and beliefs studied to understand how society works.

Geographic Area

The place where people live and how its characteristics affect life and behavior.

Social Status

A person’s position or rank in society that affects influence and access to resources.

Historical Experience

How past events shape present actions, expectations, and social norms.

Economic Forces

Factors like money, supply and demand, and government policies that influence how we live.

Political Institutions

Structures and organizations that shape political behavior and governance.

Ethnic Groups

People who share a common culture, history, and language.

Religious Affiliations

Stated religious beliefs or practices that individuals or groups follow.

Power

The ability to influence the actions of others.

Individual (Pagkakatao) Lens

View that people are active, conscious decision-makers in society.

Nature (Kalikasan) Lens

View focusing on the environment and social structures that set the stage for actions.

Culture (Kalikhaan) Lens

Shared ideas, values, and practices of a group, transmitted through language and symbols.

Social Structure (Kinasanayang pamumuhay) Lens

Enduring patterns of behavior and interactions ingrained over time.

Action (Panlipunan kilos o gawa) Lens

Decisions and interactions people make within their social world.

Modernity

A major societal change affecting how we live, what we own, and how we think and behave.

Society

A modern, urbanized, and complex group typical of newly formed nations in the West.

Community

A smaller group in a geographic area with close relationships and traditional behaviors.

Positivism

A scientific approach to studying society, focusing on observable facts and data.

Anthropology

The study of humans (from Greek anthropos—human—and logos—study).

Demography

The description of people (from Greek demos—people—and graphein—description).

Economics

The study of household management (from Greek oikonomia).

Geography

The description of the Earth (from Greek geo—Earth—and graphein).

Linguistics

The study of language (from Latin lingua—tongue, language).

History

The study of recorded events (from Greek histoire—recorded events).

Political Science

The study of city affairs (from Greek politika and polis—city).

Psychology

The study of the mind (from Greek psyche—mind—and logos—study of).

Sociology

The study of people together (from Latin socious—people together—and Greek logos).

Ethnography

A research method that describes a specific group of people.

Participant Observation

The researcher joins the group's activities to observe from within.

In-depth Interviews

Detailed, one-on-one conversations with key individuals.

Focus Group Discussion

A guided discussion with a group of people to gather diverse perspectives.

Life History Method

Examining a social issue through the personal story of one person.

Ocular Inspection

The researcher becomes familiar with the physical location of the study.

Intersubjectivity

Agreement on basic ideas and assumptions due to shared experiences.

Vitruvian Man

Leonardo da Vinci’s drawing that represents the ideal human body and its relation to the universe.

Evolution

The idea that things change and become more complex over time; classical evolution emphasizes a progression from simple to complex forms.

Theory of Function

Herbert Spencer & Emile Durkheim’s view of society as a living body where each part has a function.

Historical Materialism

Marx’s view that society is shaped by its economic base, which shapes the superstructure (politics, culture, etc.).

Base (Economic Base)

The economic structure of society that determines the superstructure.

Superstructure

Politics, culture, and other aspects shaped by the economic base.

Class Struggle

Marx’s idea that society is divided into the bourgeoisie (owners) and proletariat (workers), and their conflict drives historical change.

Primitive Communism

Early stage with no social classes; people foraged together.

Ancient Mode of Production

Societal system based on slave labor.

Feudalism

Societal system based on land and landlord-peasant relationships.

Capitalism

System based on machines and factories; the ruling class exploits workers.

Socialism

Production is owned by the public to meet human needs directly.

Communism

A classless, stateless society where production is owned collectively and distributed according to need.

Bourgeoisie

Owners of the means of production.

Proletariat

Workers who sell their labor.