Breathing and Exchange of Gases

Long exposure

________ can give rise to inflammation leading to fibrosis (proliferation of fibrous tissues) and thus causing serious lung damage.

O2

________ and CO2 are exchanged in these sites by simple diffusion mainly based on pressure /concentration gradient.

RBCs

________ contain a very high concentration of the enzyme, carbonic anhydrase and minute quantities of the same is present in the plasma too.

Expiration

________ is by which the alveolar air is released.

Inspiration

________ is during which atmospheric air is drawn in.

Human beings

________ have a significant ability to maintain and moderate the respiratory rhythm to suit the demands of the body tissues.

Earthworms

________ use their moist cuticle and insects have a network of tubes (tracheal tubes) to transport atmospheric air within the body.

vertebrates

Among ________, fishes use gills whereas amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals respire through lungs.

Solubility

________ of the gases as well as the thickness of the membranes involved in diffusion is also some important factors that can affect the rate of diffusion.

nasal chamber

The ________ opens into the pharynx, a portion of which is the common passage for food and air.

partial pressure

Pressure contributed by an individual gas in a mixture of gases is called ________ and is represented as pO2 for oxygen and pCO2 for carbon dioxide.