APUSH Period 3 Vocab

French and Indian War / 7 Years War

A conflict fought between the French and the British to stop French expansion in North America.

Proclamation of 1763

Forbade sellers from advancing beyond the Appalachian Mountains to give natives land after the 7-year War.

Treaty of Paris 1763

Agreement where France ceded territories to Great Britain, resulting in high British debt and taxes on the colonies.

Taxation without representation

Taxing people without granting them a voice in the government.

Benjamin Franklin Stamp Act

An intercolonial congress that petitioned the British government that colonies should be taxed by their own assemblies.

Boston Massacre

An incident where dockworkers mobbed and attacked British sentries at the customs house with rocks.

Boston Tea Party

Protest where men disguised as Mohawks dumped tea into Boston Harbor to oppose Parliament.

Coercive Acts / Intolerable Acts

Parliament's act that closed the port of Boston and reduced self-government powers in Massachusetts.

Lexington and Concord

First military engagements of the American Revolutionary War; where minutemen were ready to fight against British forces.

Patriot

Supporters of American independence.

Loyalist

Americans who remained loyal to Britain and the King.

Continental Army

Army formed by the Second Continental Congress to fight British forces and protect the colonies.

George Washington

Advocate for independence and Commander in Chief of the Continental Army.

King Philip's War

Conflict between Native American tribes and colonists over land ownership disputes.

Battle of Saratoga

Turning point in the Revolutionary War where the British surrendered, proving America could win.

Battle of Yorktown

Final battle of the Revolutionary War where British forces surrendered, leading to American victory.

Treaty of Paris 1783

Treaty that ended the Revolutionary War between the U.S. and Britain without French involvement.

Abigail Adams

Wife of John Adams who advocated for women's rights in new laws.

Hessians

German soldiers hired by the British during the American Revolutionary War.

Natural Rights

Fundamental rights every person is born with, not granted by the government.

Thomas Paine

Author of Common Sense, arguing against monarchy.

Common Sense

Pamphlet by Thomas Paine advocating for American independence from Britain.

Declaration of Independence

Document declaring the colonies' freedom from British rule, created by the Continental Congress.

Abolitionism

Movement to end slavery and promote equal rights for African Americans.

Republican Motherhood

The idea that women had an important role in shaping the moral and civic values of their children.

French Revolution

Revolution in France prompted by economic struggles and Enlightenment ideas, leading to the end of the monarchy.

State Constitutions

Documents outlining the structures and powers of state governments.

Articles of Confederation

Unsuccessful document adopted by Congress outlining a weak and decentralized government system.

Critical Period

Time after the Revolutionary War marked by challenges in government and stability.

Shay's Rebellion

Armed uprising by farmers protesting economic injustices, particularly high taxes.

Constitutional Convention

Meeting of delegates to address the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

Federalism

System where power is divided between a national government and smaller state governments.

Separation of Powers

Government structure designed to prevent any one group from dominating the government.

Virginia Plan

Proposal for a bicameral legislature with representation based on population.

New Jersey Plan

Proposal for a unicameral legislature with equal representation for each state.

Great Compromise

Agreement creating a bicameral Congress with both equal and population-based representation.

3/5 Compromise

Agreement on how slaves would be counted for representation and taxation purposes.

1808 Slave Trade Agreement

Law prohibiting the importation of enslaved people into the U.S.

Federalists before 1791

Those who supported a division of power between national and state governments.

Anti-Federalist

Opponents of the Federalists, advocating for the true principles of the revolution.

Federalist Papers

Essays written to explain the meaning and virtues of the Constitution.

Alexander Hamilton

Strong advocate for a more powerful national government.

James Madison

Key contributor to the American Constitution and the Virginia Plan.

Bill of Rights

First ten amendments to the Constitution guaranteeing individual rights.

John Adams

Second president of the United States and first vice president.

Federalists after 1791

Advocated for creating permanent national debt to encourage support from wealthy classes.

Democratic-Republicans

Political party promoting partisan influence and supporting the French Revolution's spirit.

Thomas Jefferson

Prominent proponent of agrarian ideals and individual land ownership.

Whiskey Rebellion

Farmers in Pennsylvania who protested against the whiskey tax, challenging federal authority.

Alien and Sedition Acts

Laws permitting the president to imprison and deport immigrants perceived as threats.

Northwest Ordinance

Laws governing Western settlements and establishing a grid system for land.

Jay's Treaty

Treaty aimed at resolving issues between the U.S. and Britain over trade and military presence.

Pickney’s Treaty

Agreement recognizing American navigation rights on the Mississippi River.

George Washington's Farewell Address

Advice emphasizing the importance of unity and avoiding foreign alliances.