Dutch Final

Political Representation

PSDS

Procedural- to what extent institutions are ensuring democratic principles

Symbolic - to what extent are people feeling represented by state/parliament through symbols

Descriptive - represented and representatives mirror - demographics gender and education INCLUDING IDEALOGICAL - (1/3 conservative, 1/3 should be conservative in parliament)
Substantive - representation made visible through polices

Leading cause for regional resentment and a shift to popular radical right behaviors in rural regions

Economic hardships + Local marginalization

What woul d

Vote centric reforms

Trying to change the electoral system or introduce binding referendums.

Hard because of political opportunism— referendum might be a good idea as a way against people in power but when IN power you want to keep the status quo.

Hard bc of insitution - constitution changes, 2/3

Hard because we try to figure out a solution before recognizing the problem

Talk centric reform

Citizen assemblies and “interactive policymaking”

Urgenda case

First case against a government that forced them to uphold their policies. Issue with Dutch politics because there is the notion that primacy should be with politicians not the courts.

Nitrogen PAS Case

similar in that decided that the PAS law was illegaul under EU law since that it promised to reduce Nitrogen emissions;however that is impossible. Lots of backlash, including BBB farmers movement economic survival, imposed restrictions on livestock, and symbolically represented government overreach into rural life.