HIV + vaccination

HIV structure?

• core - RNA + reverse transcriptase

• capsid - outer protein layer surrounding core

• envelope

• protein attachments

how does HIV replicate in T_H cells?

• HIV attaches to CD4 receptor on T_H cell

• HIV envelope fuses w/ T_H cell membrane, so RNA + enzymes can enter

• reverse transcriptase copies RNA into DNA + moves it into T_H cell nucleus

• mRNA transcribed + T_H cell creates viral proteins for the new viral particles

HIV structure?

• core - RNA + reverse transcriptase

• capsid - outer protein layer surrounding core

• envelope

• protein attachments

how does HIV replicate in T_H cells?

• HIV attaches to CD4 receptor on T_H cell

• HIV envelope fuses w/ T_H cell membrane, so RNA + enzymes can enter

• reverse transcriptase copies RNA into DNA + moves it into T_H cell nucleus

• mRNA transcribed + T_H cell creates viral proteins for the new viral particles

how does a person get AIDS?

• when HIV is replicating, immune system is weakened

• lack of T_H cells means host cannot produce immune response to pathogens

• making them vulnerable to infections/cancer

• leading to death

pass immunity?

• antibodies introduced to the body

• no plasma/memory cells made = no long-term immunity

active immunity?

immunity made by own immune system following pathogen/antigen exposure

natural active immunity?

following natural infection + body’s creation of own antibodies + memory cells

artificial active immunity?

following introduction of vaccine allowing for creation of antibodies + memory cells

how do vaccines work?

• antigen exposure from vaccine activates B cells to undergo clonal selection

• B cells divide by mitosis - clones differentiate into plasma + memory cells

herd immunity?

if enough people in a pop. vaccinated, pathogen cannot spread easily
protecting those who cannot be vaccinated due to young age, illness, weak immune system.