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What were the key motivations for European exploration during the rise of global trade networks?
Gold (economic gain), Glory (national pride), God (religious conversion).
The Columbian Exchange refers to the exchange of __________ between the Old World and the New World.
Goods, crops, animals, and diseases.
What technological advancements aided European exploration?
Navigational tools such as the compass, astrolabe, and improved maps.
Who led the first circumnavigation of the globe?
Ferdinand Magellan (1519-1522).
The Middle Passage was a brutal journey involving the transportation of __________ from Africa to the Americas.
Enslaved Africans.
Mercantilism is an economic theory where nations seek to increase wealth by acquiring __________ and establishing a favorable balance of trade.
Gold and silver.
The triangle trade connected Europe, Africa, and __________.
The Americas.
Which two empires established significant colonies in Asia and Africa?
The Portuguese and Spanish Empires.
Christian missionaries, particularly Jesuits, sought to convert indigenous peoples in __________ and parts of __________.
The Americas, Asia.
The expansion of European influence led to the first truly __________ economy.
Global.
What impact did the Columbian Exchange have on diets and agriculture in Europe?
It introduced new crops like maize, potatoes, and tomatoes, transforming diets.
The transatlantic slave trade primarily enriched __________ economies.
European.
Mestizo populations in the Americas are a result of the mixing of __________ and indigenous peoples.
European.
What was the base product that drove the demand for labor in the Americas during the slave trade?
Plantation crops such as sugar, tobacco, and cotton.
The rise of joint-stock companies in the early capitalism period allowed private investors to __________ exploration and trade ventures.
Fund.
