Development of individual differences as a field of study

What was the name of the Pythagorean thinker who developed the Tri part soul?

Aesara

What were the 3 elements of the tri-part soul?

Mind, Spirit and desire

What are the four elements of hippocratic disease?

Fire air water and earth

What are the 4 temperaments of the Hippocrates-Galen model of personality?

Creative, energetic, extraverted and dependable

What period of time was sigmund freud writing his theories on psychodynamic theory?

1890s-1930s

When did freud publish the id, ego and superego ideas?

1923

When did freud begin to work on the psychosexual stages of development?

1905

Where did Carl Jung begin his psychology career?

The Burgholzli in 1900-1909

What were the personality traits that Jung developed at the start of the 1920s

Intro/Extroverted, thinking-feeling, sensation-judging

Who attempted to make Jung’s work on personality types more empirical?

Gordon Allport

What are the two main contributions to the field of personality that Allport made?

Defining a trait and the lexical hypothesis

When did Allport and Odbert execute the lexical hypothesis, allowing for the development of 4500 potential trait words?

1936

What is the name of Allport’s 1937 book where he calls for the use of idiographic methods to understand personality?

Personality: A Psychological Interpretation

Who developed the Q-sort in the 1930s as a method of measuring personality idiographically?

William Stephenson

Who developed a 16 item scale for personality in the 1940s?

Raymond Cattell

Who developed the PEN model of personality?

Hans Eysenck

What did Eysenck model in 1958 which suggests continuity between ancient methods of personality and 20th century findings?

Mapped his PEN model do the four Galen temperaments of personality

When was the big five model for personality developed?

1980s

Who Pioneered phrenology as a method to infer intelligence during the early 1900s?

Franz Joseph Gall

Which female psychologist worked to disprove phrenology’s sexist theories in Wundt’s laboratory

Alice Lee

Outline Galton’s theoretical ethos for intelligence?

Intelligence is normally distributed and inherited

Galton theorised that intelligence can be measured through people’s ability for sensation, which group of thinkers popularised this idea?

British empiricists

When did Galton create his temporary london laboratory where he tested 9000 people?

1884

What was the name of Galton’s 1869 book in which he traced back the family lineages of high-society figures to justify that there are superior lineages of human beings?

Hereditary Genius

What theory of natal control did Galton coin which has been incredibly controversial?

Eugenics

What were the two types of intelligence that Spearman came up with?

General intelligence (g) and specific intelligence (g+)

Spearman was inspired by Galton’s experimental methods, what did spearman use to test child intelligence?

Sensory discrimination tests

What did Binet believe was the source of intelligence?

Intelligence is a combination of cognitive processes

When did Binet develop the Binet-Simon test for children?

1905

Lewis Terman developed the Binet-Simon into the Stamford-Binet. Terman also said something a little saucy, care to tell?

He wanted to ‘Curtail the reproduction…of feeble mindedness’

Who came up with the intelligence quotient calculation in 1912?

Wilhelm Stern

Robert Yerkes was chair of the APA during WW1, how did he influence of application of intelligence tests?

Intelligence testing was implemented to inform racist immigration policies

Who developed the multi-modal factors that influence intelligence in 1939?

Louis Thurstone

Who created the multiple intelligence model in 1983?

Howard Gardner

What was the name of Charles Murray’s 1994 book in which he suggested that intelligence was innate and economic racism is the fault of the victim?

The Bell Curve