Benzodiazepines Study Sheet

Vocabulary flashcards covering the mechanism of action, therapeutic uses, and adverse effects of benzodiazepines, along with key nursing considerations.

Benzodiazepines

A class of drugs that act on the central nervous system by binding to the GABA-A receptor complex, enhancing GABA's inhibitory effects to produce sedation, anxiolysis, muscle relaxation, and anticonvulsant effects.

GABA-A receptor complex

The specific site in the central nervous system where benzodiazepines bind, distinct from where GABA binds, to enhance GABA's inhibitory effects.

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)

An inhibitory neurotransmitter whose effects are enhanced by benzodiazepines.

Chloride ion influx

The increase of chloride ions entering neurons, caused by benzodiazepine action, leading to hyperpolarization and decreased neuronal excitability.

Hyperpolarization

A state in neurons resulting from increased chloride ion influx, leading to decreased neuronal excitability.

Anxiolysis

A therapeutic effect of benzodiazepines, referring to the reduction of anxiety.

CNS depression

An adverse effect of benzodiazepines characterized by drowsiness, sedation, ataxia, and impaired coordination.

Cognitive impairment

An adverse effect of benzodiazepines that includes decreased attention and memory problems.

Dependence and tolerance

Risks associated with long-term benzodiazepine use, where the body adapts to the drug and requires higher doses for the same effect, leading to withdrawal if stopped.

Withdrawal symptoms

Symptoms such as anxiety, insomnia, and seizures that can occur if benzodiazepines are stopped abruptly after long-term use.

Respiratory depression

A serious adverse effect of benzodiazepines, especially when combined with alcohol, opioids, or other CNS depressants.

Paradoxical reactions

Rare adverse effects of benzodiazepines including agitation, aggression, and disinhibition.

Benzodiazepine use in elderly patients

Associated with increased risks of falls, delirium, and confusion due to CNS effects.

Benzodiazepine discontinuation

Should involve gradual tapering over time to avoid severe withdrawal symptoms.

Short-term benzodiazepine use

A general guideline to minimize risks of dependence and adverse effects.