IUPAC Naming Rules and Properties of Acids, Esters, and Amides

These flashcards cover key concepts, definitions, and reactions related to IUPAC naming rules, properties of acids, esters, and amides, as well as relevant chemical reactions.

IUPAC Naming Rules

A system for naming chemical compounds, providing a clear method for identifying molecular structure.

Acyclic Molecules

Compounds that do not form a ring structure and have a straight-chain configuration.

Cyclic Molecules

Compounds that contain a ring structure formed by chemical bonding.

Substituent

A group that replaces a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon molecule, altering its properties.

Dimer

A chemical structure formed by two smaller molecules (monomers) that bond together.

Primary Amides

Amides with one alkyl or aryl group attached to the nitrogen atom and two hydrogen atoms.

Lactams

Cyclic amides that are formed when the amide bond is part of a ring structure.

Benzamide

An amide derived from benzoic acid, characterized by the presence of a phenyl group.

Acid Anhydride

A compound formed from two carboxylic acids by the loss of water, containing two acyl groups.

Ester

A compound formed by the reaction of an alcohol and an acid, often characterized by a pleasant smell.

Hydrolysis Reaction

A chemical reaction involving the breaking of a bond in a molecule using water.

Intermolecular Forces

Forces that mediate interaction between molecules, influencing boiling and melting points.

Solubility

The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent, influenced by molecular structure and polarity.

Nitriles

Organic compounds containing a cyano group (-C≡N) that can be hydrolyzed to form acids.

Polyamides

Synthetic polymers that contain amide linkages along the main chain, such as nylon.

Polyesters

Polymers formed from the condensation of alcohol and acid, characterized by ester linkages.