electrophilic addition

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10 Terms

1
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what is an electrophile?

e- deficient species which will accept a pair of e-

2
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what is a carbocation?

+vely charged C atom w/ only 3 bonds, making it unstable

3
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what does electrophilic addition involve? what does it form?

alkene → dihaloalkane

4
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draw out the electrophilic addition mechanism between HBr and propene (for both the major and minor product):

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5
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draw out the electrophilic addition mechanism between Br2 and ethene:

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6
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draw out the electrophilic addition mechanism between H2SO4 and ethene and state the conditions:

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7
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give the order of carbocation stability - why is this the case?

  • tertiary carbocations have the most stability as they have the greatest +ve inductive effect as they have the most alkyl/C groups

  • as they push e- density towards the carbocation and stabilise the +ve charge

  • the more alkyl groups, the more stable

<ul><li><p>tertiary carbocations have the most stability as they have the greatest +ve inductive effect as they have the most alkyl/C groups</p></li><li><p>as they push e<sup>-</sup> density towards the carbocation and stabilise the +ve charge</p></li><li><p>the more alkyl groups, the more stable </p></li></ul><p></p>
8
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what is a primary carbocation?

carbocation w/ only 1 alkyl group

9
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what is a secondary carbocation?

carbocation w/ 2 alkyl groups

10
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what is a tertiary carbocation?

carbocation w/ 3 alkyl groups